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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Adaptive Unconscious (What it is)
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-Part of brain that leaps toward conclusions.
-Giant computer (Processes quickly) -High level sophisticate thinking on autopilot. |
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Adaptive unconscious (What it does)
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-sizes up world
-warns of dangers -sets goals -initiates actions |
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John Gottman
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Relationship Analysis. Short encounters are accurate.
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Thin Slicing
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The ability of our unconscious to find patterns in situations based on narrow slices of experience. (Relationship Study)
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Fists
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Distinctive Patterns (used in Morse code)
--emerge natrually |
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Friends vs. strangers.
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Strangers= more accurate.
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Most important predictor of marital stability
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contempt
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Factors Influencing whether a doctor is sued for malpractice or not.
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If the doctor speaks in a gentle patient manner are less likely to be sued. No diff. in quality.
--spend more time, orienting comments, listening. -- Hostility, dominance, anxiousness. |
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Conceptual priming influence on Bevahior (Bargh study)
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Priming affects people; how they perform/treat others
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How activation of stereotype influenced performance
and WHO Studied it? |
People who were asked about race did poorly compared to those who weren't asked.
-- Steele and Aronson |
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Implicit Association Test (IAT)
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Idea that we make connections more quickly between pairs of ideas that are already related in our minds.
-- Deeply held associations -- List of male/female/career etc. |
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Verbal Overshadowing
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Can recognize face but not describe.
--moving info. from visual(right hemis.) and word(left) hemisphere. |
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Insight/Insight Puzzle
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Upside down pyramid, etc.
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Problems with insight
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--Can't be worked through systematically.
-- Writing down processes decreases chance of flash insight. |
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How Choice influences consumer decision making
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-Impulse Items-- Less Choices the better(jam)
--Not the same with cars. |
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Why it's difficult to gauge public reaction to new and different things.
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People's gut feelings are not how they actually act.
--Pepsi challenge. |
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Sensation Transference
Who Studied it?? |
People don't make a distinction between the package and the product
--Cheskin. --margarine/brandy |
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Extreme arousal affects on cognition
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--Over 145bpm is bad.
--Complex motor skills break down. Clumsy. Problems Dialing 911. --At 175 bpm cognitive breakdown. |
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Five Reasons why cognitive psychologist are interested in language study
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1. Language is a unique form of abstraction (heart of cognition)
2. Has a major impact on the form of representation of info. in Memory. 3. Provides external events to be thought about internally. 4.Information exchange 5. It influences perception (Only way to describe percepts is verbally). |
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Linguistics vs. Psycholinguistics
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Linguistics-- Study structure of language.
Psycholinguistics-- Study language use. |
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Four levels of language
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--Phonemic
--Syntactic --Semantic --Pragmatic |
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Phonemic
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Phoneme-- single speech sound that can be represented by a single symbol.
-- They have no meaning |
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Morphene-
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Smallest unit of meaning.
-- Combine these to produce words. -- There are rules (Syntax) |
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Syntactic--
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--Rules about combining morphemes to produce words.
-- |
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Semantics--
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The study of meaning.
Where information transmission occurs. |
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Pragmatics
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--Concept of intent (Gotten here faster?)
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Grammar
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Rules governing words into phrases.
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Transformational Grammar, and WHO created it??
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--structural rules-- create utterances.
--Transformational rules--modify utterances. Chomsky |
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Change in surface structure-- its affects comprehension and memory of written text.
WHO studied it? |
Surface structure was changed-- memory for meaning was really good!
-- Memory for structure, not so good. Structure is more important than surface structure. Sachs |
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Lexical Access/Comparison study-
WHO studied it? |
Read a sentence. -- Multiple word meaning initially accessed.
-- correct word meaing later chosen through context analysis. Swinney Seidenberg. |
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Eye Movements and reading comprehension
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People will spend time on one word to make sense of another.
-- Spend most time at beginning and end of passage. -- Garden Path Sentences... |
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Dyslexia
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Difficulty in reading and learning to read.
-- Language Comprehension problem. |
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Difference between Broca's Aphasia and Wernick's Aphasia.
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Broca's-- Anterior. Think clearly, speak with difficulty.
Wernick's-- Posterior. Talk freely but thinking is off. Word salad. |
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Agrammatism
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Not able to produce grammatical sentences.
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Types of inference
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Categorical Inference and
Causal Inference |
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Categorical inferences
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Construction of categories represent types of:
People(roles traits), Behaviors(pleasant/annoying), Settings(formal). -- Social Schema theory |
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Causal Inferences
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Analysis of cause as a function of:
Actor's Behavior Context in which behavior was engaged. Manner in which observer perceived it. Characteristics of observer. -- Basis Attribution Theory |
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Social Schema Theory
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Emphasizes how the social world is organized (categorical inferences).-- Schema-Cog. Structure that represents concept and attributes.
--Top down processes |
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Components that Make up Emotions.
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Behavioral-- muscular mvmnts.
Autonomic-- Physiological response of organs Hormonal-- biochemical response of glands (Adrenal) produces energy for above parts. |
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What is Judgement?
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Process we use to...
--Think about evidence --Make inferences |
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2 subcomponents of Judgement
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Induction
Deduction |
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Induction
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Starting with specifics-- draw a generlized conclusion from them.
-- detective clues to find the perpetrator. |
