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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the MC sources of infection in a brain abscess? |
1. Bacterial endocarditis 2. Pneumonia or bronchiectasis 3. Bone infections 4. Tooth extraction 5. Immunosuppression |
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What is the gross appearance of a brain abscess? |
1. Central liquefactive necrosis surrounded by fibrosis and swelling |
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What is the microscopic appearance of a brain abscess? |
1. Central cavity with necrosis 2. Many neutrophils 3. Surrounded by gliosis |
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What are the CSF findings in a brain abscess? |
1. Increased opening pressure 2. Mildly increased WBC count 3. Normal to slightly increased protein 4. Normal glucose |
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From where does a subdural abscess usually arise? |
1. Direct extension from skull bones, middle ear, or air sinuses |
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What are the potential complications of a subdural abscess? |
1. Thrombophlebitis of bridging vessels 2. Mass effect |
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With what infections is an epidural abscess associated? |
1. Infection of vertebral column 2. Sinusitis 3. Surgical infection |
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What are the MCC of acute neonatal bacterial meningitis? |
1. GBS 2. E. coli |
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What are the MCC of acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children? |
1. N. meningitidis 2. S. pneumoniae |
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What is the MCC of acute bacterial meningitis in adolescents and young adults? |
1. N. meningitidis |
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What is the MCC of acute bacterial meningitis in adults? |
1. S. pneumo 2. N. meningitidis 3. Mycobacteria |
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What is the MCC of acute bacterial meningitis in the elderly? |
1. S. pneumo 2. Listeria |
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What are the typical CSF findings in acute bacterial meningitis? |
1. High opening pressure 2. Increased leukocytes 3. Elevated protein 4. Reduced glucose |
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What are the clinical sequelae to acute bacterial meningitis? |
1. Cranial nerve deficits 2. Ischemic infarction 3. Hydrocephalus |
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What are the MCC of chronic bacterial meningitis? |
1. M. tuberculosis 2. T. pallidum 3. Borrelia |
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What are the CSF findings in chronic bacterial meningitis? |
1. Moderate PMN pleocytosis 2. Protein elevated 3. Glucose moderately reduced |
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What is the MCC of aseptic meningitis? |
1. Enterovirus |
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What are the CSF findings in aseptic meningitis? |
1. WBC elevated-- neutrophils for first 24-48 hrs, then lymphocytes 2. Protein moderately increased 3. Glucose normal |
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What is the microscopic appearance of viral encephalitis? |
1. Neutrophils---> lymphocytes-- "perivascular cuffing" 2. Microglial nodules |
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What are the CSF findings in viral encephalitis? |
1. WBCs: neutrophils----> mononuclear cells 2. Elevated protein 3. Normal glucose |
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In what type of virus are seizures most common in encephalitis? |
1. Arbovirus |
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In what age group is HSV-1 encephalitis most common? |
1. Teens and young adults |
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What portion of the brain is involved in HSV-1 encephalitis? |
1. Inferior frontal and temporal lobes |
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How will a HSV-2 CNS infection present in adults? |
1. Meningitis |
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What part of the brain does HSV-2 affect? |
1. Brainstem> anterior temporal and lower frontal lobes |
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What microscopic feature is pathognomonic for rabies? |
1. Negri bodies |
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What is the MC direct effect of HIV? |
1. Encephalitis |
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What is the microscopic appearance of HIV? |
1. Microglial nodules 2. Multinucleate giant cells |
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What are the MCC of fungal CNS infections? |
1. Candida 2. Mucor 3. Aspergillus |
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What is the greatest risk factor for an aspergillus infection? |
1. Neutropenia |
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What are the MCC of fungal infections in IC individuals? |
1. C. neoformans 2. H. capsulatum 3. C. immitis 4. B. dermatidis |
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What are the MCC of fungal chronic meningitis? |
1. C. neoformans 2. H. capsulatum |
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What are the MCC of fungal vascular infections in the CNS? |
1. Mucor 2. Aspergillus |
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What are the MCC of fungal CNS parenchymal invasion? |
1. Candida 2. Cryptococcus |
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What are the CSF findings in a fungal infection? |
1. Mononuclear pleocytosis 2. Increased protein 3. Decreased glucose |
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How do you dx a T. gondii infection in the CNS? |
1. MRI: ring-enhancing lesions 2. Abscesses in cerebral cortex |
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What are the results of PrPC---> PRPSC mutation? |
1. Water insoluble 2. Proteinase resistant |
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What is the pathology associated with prion diseases? |
1. Corticla neuropil has spongy apperance 2. Atrophy 3. No inflammation 4. CSF is normal |
