Clinical Skills - Final Exam

Front 1

What sinuses are present at birth?

Back 1

maxillary and ethmoid

Front 2

Why do you percuss the face?

Back 2

to check for hypercalcemia

Front 3

Define Sinusitis

Back 3

Infection of one or more paranasal sinus bc of upper respiratory infection, allergies, structural defect.

SIGNS: fever, purulent drainage, sinus pain/pressure, no response to decongestants

Front 4

Define Caput Seccedaneum

Back 4

"Cone Head"

Edema after birth that crosses suture lines

Front 5

Cephalohematoma

Back 5

Sucperiosteol blood that doesn't cross suture lines

Front 6

Plagiocephaly

Back 6

"Paralellogram Head"

Flattened or asymmetrical shape to skull

Front 7

Craniosynostosis

Back 7

Closure of one or more suture before growth complete = mishappen skull

Front 8

Hydrocephalus

Back 8

swelling of head

Front 9

Encephalocele

Back 9

Nerve tissue comes out of skull

Front 10

Microcephaly

Back 10

Small head

Front 11

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Back 11

mental retardation, widespread eyes, ptosis, short nose, thin lip, poorly formed philtrum

Front 12

Hurler Syndrome

Back 12

Enlarged skull, low forehead, corneal clouding, short neck, muccopolysaccharide storage disease

Front 13

Down Syndrome

Back 13

Epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge, slant of eyes, low set ears, macroglossia (big tongue)

Front 14

Hippocratic Facies

Back 14

Sunken Facial Features, dry skin (usually seen in late stages of terminal illness)

Think Hippocrates

Front 15

Cushing Syndrome

Back 15

Moon Facies, Thin skin

Associated with adrenal tumors = inc. production of glucocorticoids

Front 16

What is the largest endocrine gland of the body

Back 16

Thyroid

Enlarged thyroid = vascular bruit may be heard

Front 17

Graves Disease

Back 17

Hyperthyroidism

Autoimmune, Abs to TSH receptor

Signs: GOITER, Expothalmos, facial flushing, sensitivity to heat, tachycardia, weight loss

Front 18

Myxedema

Back 18

skin and tissue disorder because of severe prolonged hypothyroidism

Signs: sparse hair, edema around eyes, puffy yellow skin, cognitive impairment,

Front 19

Hashimoto Disease

Back 19

HypOthyroidism

"HashimOtO = HypO

Signs: lethargy, sensitivity to cold, weight gain, scaly dry skin, puffy eyes

Front 20

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Back 20

Signs: Jaundice, poor feeding, lack of muscle tone (floppy baby), puffy face

Front 21

What does tracheal tugging suggest?

Back 21

The presence of an aortic aneurysm

Front 22

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Back 22

Midline palpable cystic mass in neck

Front 23

Branchial Cleft Cyst

Back 23

Lesion at birth bc of oncomplete involution of branchial cleft along anteromedial border of SCM

Front 24

Torticollis

Back 24

may be due to birth trauma, tumors, cranial nerve palsy, muscle spasm, infection, drug ingestion

May Cause Plagiocephaly

Front 25

Nuchal Rigidity is associated with ?

Back 25

Meningeal Irritation

Front 26

Lymph system fully matures by when?

Back 26

9-12 years

Front 27

What are some causes of lymphadenopathy?

Back 27

mono, TB, lymphoma, cat scratch fever

Front 28

T/F: Enlarged postauricular, occipital is not unusual in kids less than 2.

Back 28

TRUE

Front 29

What happens to lymph nodes in adults?

Back 29

Lymph nodes diminish and some may become fibrotic

Front 30

What do the semicircular canals do?

Back 30

Respond to changes in direction of movement and send signals to cerebellum for maintenance of balance

Front 31

Whats the difference between children's and adult's Eustachian Tubes?

Back 31

Children's = wider, shorter, more horizontal

Front 32

Presbycusis

Back 32

Gradual loss of sensorineural hearing, common after 65. high freq. sounds go first

Front 33

Vertigo

Back 33

Unsteadiness, loss of balance, syncope

Front 34

Tophi

Back 34

gout, deposits of urate crystal

Front 35

Acute Otis Media

Back 35

Middle Ear Inflammation

Signs: TM erythmatous, bulging, cloudy, no movement

Abrupt onset of fever, anorexia, hearing loss, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, pain

Front 36

Otitis Media with effusion

Back 36

Inflammation of middle ear due to serous, mucoid, or purulent fluid

Signs: TM retracted or bulging, impaired mobility, yellowish air-fluid levels and/or bubbles

CRACKING Sound on yawning/swallowing.

Front 37

Otis Externa (Swimmer's Ear)

Back 37

Infection of auditory canal from trauma or moist environment = bacterial or fungal growth

Pain worsens with movement of pinna or chewing

Front 38

Cholesteatoma

Back 38

Benign, cyst-like tumor in eardrum or middle ear

Signs: progressive hearing loss, fullness in ear, tinnitus, vertigo

If untreated can erode temporal bone = permanent hearing loss

Front 39

Otosclerosis

Back 39

Hereditary condition that causes sensorineural hearing loss due to hardening of ossicles

Front 40

Labyrinthitis

Back 40

Inflamation of labyrinthine canal due to complications from upper respiratory viral or bacterial infection

Signs: vertigo, tinnitus, nystagmus, nausea, anxiety

Front 41

Mastoiditis

Back 41

Post-auricular/ Mastoid pain

Signs: fever, swelling, outward or downwardly placed pinna