Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Freudian Structural Theory (drive theory)
|
Id, Ego, Superego
|
|
|
Id
|
present at birth;
pleasure principle; seeks gratification |
|
|
Ego
|
6 months;
reality principle positpones gratification of id until appropriate; realistic thinking and planning; mediate b/w id and superego |
|
|
Superego
|
4-5 YOA
society's standards; block id |
|
|
Anxiety in psychoanalysis
|
alerts ego to impending threats; if ego cant rid it then use defense mechanisms
|
|
|
Adler
|
social factors
teleogical approach (future goals) Inferiority feelings Style of lifeSTEP; STET |
|
|
Jung's Analytical Therapy
|
past and future
Archetypes Individuation egalitarian |
|
|
Neo-Freudians
|
interpersonal and social influences
Horney, Sullivan |
|
|
Horney
|
anxiety is basis of neurosis and chld interpersonal relationships
|
|
|
Sullivan
|
recognition of cognitive factors in personality
Prototaxic, parataxic (see relationship b/w events but unrelated), syntaxic maladaptive bx due to parataxic distortions |
|
|
Object Relations
|
Mahler
early relationships Introjects Maladaptive Bx due to probs during seperation-individuation Splitting |
|
|
Self Psychology
|
Kohut
early childhood factors affect dev of cohesive sense of self; personality caused by parents ability to provide factors for child to dev cohesive sense of self; healhty vs pathological narcissism empathy |
|
|
Brief Psychodynamic Therapy
|
time limited
conrete goals symptom focused present bx |
|
|
Interpersonal Therapy IPT
|
brief psychdynamic therapy
for depression (due to social roles and relationships) interpersonal functioning |
|
|
Humanistic Psychotherapies
|
Rogerian
Gestalt Reality |
|
|
Person-Centered Therapy
|
Rogers
self actualizing self malad bx = incongruence b/w self and experience; unconditional positive regard; empathy |
|
|
Gestalt Therapy
|
integrated "whole"
self and self image boundary disturbances = malad bx Integration of self into whole empty chair; "I" stmts; transference is bad |
|
|
Reality Therapy
|
human bx is purposeful and comes from within individual not external
success vs failure ID find ways to satisfy needs and dev success ID |
|
|
General Systems Family Therapy
|
"whole" is interaction of parts
open or closed homeostasis identified patient; scapegoat |
|
|
Cybernetics
|
Feedback loops
neg = reduce deviation; status quo pos = simplify deviation or change and disrupts system;can help promote change |
|
|
Communication/Interaction Family Therapy
|
MRI; link b/w double bind comm and schizo;
alter interactional patterns Paradoxical strategies |
|
|
Extended Family Systems Therapy
|
Bowen;
beyond nuclear family; Differentiation of self (sep emotion and intellect); Emotional Triangle; multigenerational dysfunction therapeutic triangle; genogram; increase differentiation |
|
|
Structural Family Therapy
|
Minuchin;
alter family structure (rigid triangle; power hierarchies; boundaries) Rigid triangles (detouring, stable, triangulation) joining (blend with family) enactment; reframing |
|
|
Strategic Family Therapy
|
Haley;
transactional patterns; interpersonal comm probs insight = bad pradoxical interventions homework |
|
|
Milan Systematic Family Therapy
|
probs when family pattern is so fixed and members not making own choices;
circular patterns of action and reaction; understanding; therapeutic team paradoxical |
|
|
Behavioral Family Therapy
|
operant conditioning and social learning
bx learned and kept through consequences; marital and sex tx; |
|
|
Object Relations Family Therapy
|
intrapsychic and interpersonal factors;
projective ID; resolve attachments to introjects; insight; transferences |
|
|
Yalom Group Therapy
Stages of Therapy (1-3) |
1 = orientation, look at leader for approval
2 = conflict, rebellion; 3 = cohesiveness |
|
|
High Cohesiveness =
|
better attendence, less dropout, more self-disclosure, adherence to norms
|
|
|
Feminist Therapy
|
emphasis on power differences b/w M and F
empowerment power differential b/w therapist and clt; |
|
|
Feminist vs Nonsexist Therapy
|
both recognize impact of sexism and avoid gender-biased techniques;
Fem = priority is role of sociopolitical factors on F Nonsex = individual factors and modify personal Bx |
|
|
Hypnotherapy
|
help recover memory
can produce pseudomemories anxiety d/o and phobias, GAD, PTSD |
|
|
Crisis Intervention
|
reach people in acute state of stress
ID what caused crisis restore to previous functioning most dreq = depression, sub sbuse, suicide attempt, marital probs; suicide rates decrease in young W, F (most caller) |
|
|
Primary Prevention
|
reduce prevalence
decrease incidence group i.e. meals on wheels, immunization programs |
|
|
Secondary Prevention
|
decrease prevalence by reducing duration through early detection and intervention;
individuals; provide treatment; i.e. screening tests to ID 1st graders with disabilities to provide educational intervention |
|
|
Tertiary Prevention
|
reduce duration and consequence of disorders;
i.e. rehab, halfway houses |
|
|
Stages of Consultation
|
entry = ID needs; resistance
diagnosis = gathering info; define prob; goals implementation = choose interventions; make plan; implement it Disengagement = eval consultation |
|
|
Client-centered Case Consultation
|
working with consultee (therapist) to make plan for consultee to work mjore effectively with client (patient); consultant = expert
|
|
|
Consultee-Centered case Consultation
|
enhance consultee's performance in delivering services to group of clients;
focus on consultee's skills |
|
|
Program-Centered Administrative Consultation
|
working with 1 or more administrators (consultees) to resolve probs in program
|
|
|
Consultee-Centered Administrative Consultation
|
help administrative-level personnel improve functioning so can be more effective in future with program dev, eval, etc
|
|
|
Parallel Process
|
occurs when therapist (supervisee) replicates probs and symptoms with SV that are being manifested by client;
if client is anxious and therapist cant help, therapist may enter SV anxious |
|
|
Eysenck's psychotherapy research
|
effects of therapy small or none
72% in no-therapy had iprovements within 2 years of smyptoms 66% receiving ecclectic 44% with psychoanalytic |
|
|
Smith, Glass and Miller research
|
ave client in therapy is better off than 80% of those who need therapy but remain untreated
effect size .85 |
|
|
Specific therapies and research
|
None are the best
CBT better for anxiety |
|
|
psychotherapy with children and adolescence research
|
effects size .71
ave treated is better off than 76% of those untreated Bx techniqes have larger effect size therapy same for undercontrolled probs (ADHD)and overcontrolled (Dep) therapy better for adol than children |
|
|
Dose Dependent Effect of Therapy
|
longer tx has better outcome; levels off at 26 sessions
|
|
|
3 stages related to length of treatment
|
Remoralization - 1st few sessions; measures of well being
Remediation - second phase; focus on symptoms; 16 sessions Rehabilitation - 3rd phase; unlearning bad bx and learn new; eval life functioning |
|
|
Transtheoretical Model of Bx Change
5 stages |
Prochaska and DiClemente;
Precontemplation - little insight into need for change; no change Contemplation - aware of need for change; change within 6 months Preparation - cledar intent to take action within next month Action - take steps to bring about change Maintenance - change lasted for 6 months; relapse prevention |
|
|
Psychiatric Hospitalizations
|
M > F
M more acting out bx admission rates higher for never married and lowest for widowed; other races > W 25-44 YOA Schizo most common Dx for 18-44 65+ is organic d/o |
|
|
Therapist-Client Matching
Sue and Sue |
increases # of sessions
benefits for Hisp-amer if strong commitment to culture more likely to prefer same culture therapist |
|
|
Utilization of Services
|
Anglos, AA, NA overutilize
Asian and H-Amer underutilize |
|
|
Premature Termination
|
minorities more likely
AA higher early dropout usually due to mistrust in credibility and cultural mistrust |
|
|
Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT)
|
dev of racial/cultural ID is important
2 frameworks - universal and culture-specific |
|
|
Cultural Encapsulation
|
define reality according to own cultural assumptions and stereotypes;
disregard cultural differences; |
|
|
Emic vs Etic Orientation
|
Emic - culture specific; used to understand culture; see things through eyes of members of culture
Etic - universal (culture general); view people from different cultures as same; traditional theory |
|
|
Cultural Competence
|
scientific mindedness (form hypotheses about symptoms of culturally different clients not assigning Dx);
i.e. seeing spirits may be common cultural have knowledge of other cultures |
|
|
Cultural vs Functional Paranoia
|
cultural - healthy reaction to racism; doesnt disclose to W therapist due to fear of being hurt or misunderstood
Functional - unhealthy; unwillingness to disclose to therapist regardless of race due to mistrust; pathology |
|
|
Intercultural Nonparanoiac Disclosure
|
Low Functional Paranoia; Low Cultural Paranoia; will self disclose to AA or W therapist
|
|
|
Functional Paranoiac
|
High Functional Low Cultural Paranoia;
nondiscriminative to both AA and W therapists; nondisclosure due to pathology; choose therapsit based on competence not race |
|
|
Healthy Cultural Paranoiac
|
Low Functional High Cultural Paranoia;
self disclose to AA but not W therapist due to apst expereinces with racism; confront meaning of paranoia |
|
|
Confluent Paranoiac
|
High Functional, High Cultural Paranoia;
nondisclosure to AA or W due to combo of pathology and racism; therapist should be same race |
|
|
Acculturation
(Berry) |
degree to which a member of a culturally-diverse group accepts and adheres to values; Bx of own group and majority group;
Integration, ASsimilation, Separation, Marginalization |
Is A Smoking Momma
IASM |
|
Berry's Integration
|
maintain own (minority) culture but incorporates aspects of majority culture; bicultural ID
|
|
|
Berry's Assimilation
|
accepts majority culture while giving up own culture
|
|
|
Berry's Separation
|
person withdraws from majority culture and accepts own culture
|
|
|
Berry's Marginalization
|
person doesnt ID with either culture
|
|
|
Racial/Cultural ID Developmental Model (MID)
|
5 stages that people experience as attempt to understand self in terms of own culture, dominant culture, and relaitonship between 2 cultures.
Conformity, Dissonance, Resistance and Immersion, Introspection, Integrative Awareness; progress linear through 5 stages; may remain at 1 stage or move forward or back due to changes in interactions in families at diff stages = conflict |
CDRII
|
|
MID Conformity
|
positive attitudes toward and preference for dominant culture; declining attiudes to own culture;
prefer therapist from majority group |
|
|
MID Dissonance
|
confusion and conflict towards self and others of same and different groups;
prefer therapist from a racial minority group see personal problems as being related to cultural ID issues |
|
|
MID Resistance and Immersion
|
reject dominant society
good attitudes to self and own group prefer same race therapist personal problems due to oppression |
|
|
MID Introspection
|
uncertainty about beliefs in stage 3;
conflict between loyalty to own group and personal autonomy; prefer therapist from own group open to therapist with same worldview |
|
|
MID Integrative Awareness
|
self fulfillment to cultural ID
desire to eliminate oppression multicultural perspective therapist preference is similarity in worldview, beliefs not race |
|
|
Black Racial (Nigrescence) ID Dev Model
(Cross) |
AA ID Dev linked to racial oppression
Preencounter, Encounter, Immersion/Emersion, Internalization/Commitment |
PEII
|
|
Cross' Preencounter
|
racial ID has low salience;
W seen as ideal AA put down AA prefer W therapist |
|
|
Cross' Encounter
|
exposure to race related event leads to greater racial awareness;
increased interest in dev AA ID AA perfer same race therapist |
|
|
Cross' Immersion/Emersion
|
struggle between old and new ideas of race
idealizes AA immerse self in AA culture Put down W new ID |
|
|
Cross' Internalization/Commitment
|
adopts AA worldview
works to eradicate racism healthy cultural paranoia |
|
|
White Racial ID Dev Model
(Helms) |
occurs when W person first acknowledges racism then relinquishes it and dev nonracist W persona
Contact, Disintegration, Reintegration, Pseudo-Independence, Immersion-Emersion, Autonomy |
CDRPIA
|
|
Helm's Contact
|
little awareness of racial ID;
racist attitudes |
|
|
Helm's Disintegration
|
increasing contact with AA
increase awareness of being W confusion and ambivalence may overID with AA |
|
|
Helm's Reintegration
|
attempts to resolve conflicts of Disintegration stage
accepts racist views of W superiority and AA inferiority |
|
|
Helm's Pseudo-Independence
|
event causes person to question racist views
see W have responsiblity for racism |
|
|
Helm's Immersion-Emersion
|
explores what it means to be W
|
|
|
Helm's Autonomy
|
internalizes positive (nonracist) W ID
appreciates cultural differences and similarities |
|
|
W therapist stage of ID dev is likely to have impact on work with diverse clients
IF therapist in Disintegration and AA in Cross' INternalization/Commitment stage, therapist likely to experience _________________...what will occur? |
experience anxiety about race related issues and interct with client with reserve
client will sense it and terminate early W therapist ID is positively correlated with therapeutic success Therapist in autonomy stage more effective |
|
|
Therapy with AA
Therapy guidelines |
group welfare > individual needs
M and F equal healthy cultural paranoia multisystems approach family therapy time ltd prob solving directive seek Tx for practical reasons |
|
|
Therapy with NA
Therapy guidelines |
spiritual harmony
extended family and tribe > individual present listen > talk network therapy trust collaborative NOT directive know NV differences traditional healers |
|
|
Therapy with Asian-Amer
Therapy guidelines |
group > indiviudal
hierarchical family structure restraint of strong emotions directive prob-solv formalism (address members to show status) indirect and NV comm disclose somatic complaints |
|
|
Therapy with H-Amer
Therapy guidelines |
family welfare > individual
no intimate details control of life = GOD and external multimodal family therapy personalismo (no 1st names 2st session) folk cures machismo diff in acculturation see MD for psych probs |
|
|
Therapy with Elderly
|
cognitive symptoms most common problem
ID transitions sexuality depression death issues comprehensive multimodal approach therapist more active |
|
|
Therapy with Gay and Lesbian Women
4 stages |
more likely to consult with MH professional
ID Dev - Stage 1 = sensitization, feel different Stage 2 = self recognition, ID confusion Stage 3 = ID assumption, may try to pass as straight Stage 4 = commitment, ID integration |
|
|
Child Physical Abuse
Abusive parent characteristics |
7 and younger
B more at risk in childhood F increases during adol mids 20s low SES depressed victim M = F bad Bx internal; good external less affectionate stressed |
|
|
Child Sexual Abuse
Characteristics of Sexual Perps |
1:3 F
1:6-10 M F usually between 10-12 oldest F usually abused by fathers 50% F and 20% M victims by family 40% by knwon person 90-95% of perps are M F perps abuse B disorganized homes poor boundaries alcohol |
|