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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pulmonary system function |
gas exchange ventilation |
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Pulmonary system orgnas |
nose/mouth trachea/bronchi lungs/alveoli respiratory muscles thoracic cage |
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Ventilation |
Contract (inspiratory muscles) then thoracic cage expands than create neg pressure -this negative pressure draws air in -opposite occurs for exhalation -alveolar pressure increases creating positive pressure, which leads to exhalation |
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ventilation |
nose/mouth draws air in trachea/bronchi leads air to lungs lungs alveoli, air sacs other functions warms, humidifies air immune barrier (cilla and mucous traps particles produces surfactant & other pro/hormones |
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Surfactant |
phospholipid & PRO produced by epithelial cells of the alveoli maintains surface tension decrease surfactant and decrease surface tension can lead to collapse & alveolar instability |
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Gas Exchange |
Right side heart pump O2 poor blood to lungs for oxygenation, CO2 removal Impairment when obstruction to air flow (airway resistance) Decreased lung compliance (limited expansion of lungs) So ventilation & perfusion mismatch |
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Bronchitis and Emphysema |
alveoli are perfused but ventilation compromised gas exchange doesn't take place no oxygenation results: hypoxemia |
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Opposite Situation |
dead space ventilation alveoli are ventilated but not perfused CO2 builds Results: Hypercarbia or hypercapnia |
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Common Pulmonary Dz |
asthma COPD Emphysema Bronchitis Pneumonia TB Atelectasis CF ARDS |
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Asthma |
spasm of the bronchioles allergic rx caused by: edema bronchioles, mucous secretion, spasm bronchioles, obstruction during expiration increase airway resistance |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Dz (COPD) |
Emphysema loss of elasticity and destruction of aveloli reduces surface space for exchange of O2 and CO2 (increase airway resistance) entrapment of air causing hypercapnia Chronic Bronchitis the airway filled w/ mucous causing caught chronic inflammation leads to scarring & wall thickening of the bronchus (airway resistance) |
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COPD: nutriton concerns |
progressive wt loss and muscle wasting chronic depletion process which worsens w/ worsening respiratory function impaired GI tract, Inadequate intake, meds, adaptive mechanism- lower O2 consumption, altered plum/CVD hemodynamics, hyper metabolism (inflammatory state, TNF) |
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COPD Labs & Tests |
Labs Chem 7 Alb/ pre alb ABG's Tests PFT VQ Scan |
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COPD Meds |
inhalers bronchodilators antibiotics steriods |
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Pneumonia |
inflammatory process infectious alveoli fill with fluid/blood cells |
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Tuberculosis |
specific infectious organism results decrease macrophages to infected area walling off of lesion by fibrous tissue highly infectious |
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Nutrients needs |
higher during repletion and lower during maintenance but still higher than normal |
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Atelectasis |
collapsed alveoli obstruction of airway lack of surfactant may require mech ventilation and nutrition support |
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Cystic Fibrosis |
autosomal recessive disorder affects flow Na, Cl and water across cell membranes resulting in thick tenacious mucous production that obstructs glands & ducts Sx poor intake, decrease appetite nutrient losses irreversible neurological damage & poor growth |
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Cystic Fibrosis Complications |
Pancreas endocrine and exocrine function Sweat/salivary glands liver: steatosis GI Respiratory bronchitis, pneumonia, atelectasis tx with inhalants and chest physiotherapy |
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Pancreatic Insufficiency in CF |
85-90% of CF affects the digestive enzymes that breakdown macronutrients in the intestines leading to malabsorption steatorrhea (fat in the feces) |
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CF related to DM |
2 degree beta cell destruction 20% of adults w/ CF Sx similar to both type 1 and 2 DM Glucose intolerance Dx w/ OGTT leads to microvascular complications |
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Loss of Nutrients in CF |
GERD Chronic malabsorption Steatorrhea (fat in feces) Glucosuria (glucose in urine) Increased work load of breathing leading to FTT |
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CF Dx when |
+ sweat test + lung dz pancreatic function test FTT Genetic Test manifest in infancy |
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CF nutrient needs |
kcal 110-200% of std intake over 2yo Fat 35-40% of total kcal MCT oil to supplement PRO 100-150% of est needs high kcals, PRO diet w/ supplemental pancreatic enzymes & multi-vitamins |
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CF nutriton intervention |
Pancreatic enzyme replacement 10-20 different enzymes trial/error based on stool output and wt gain take w/ meals and snacks FDA now requires approval Creon is 1st FDA approved in US |
