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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Internuncial Net
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A network of neurons that are between afferent and efferent nerves
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Interneurons
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nerve cells that associate muscle and sensory activity
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Features of SM Loop
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Filters, categorizes, hierarchal, heterarchical, convergence and divergence, multi-tasker, serial and parallel processor
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Explain convergence and divergence in SM Loop
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Convergence = many impulses coming into one neuron; nuances get lost
Divergence = many impulses leave from one neuron; more nuanced but can become overloaded (M: Double check this information) |
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Proprioception
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The body's ability to know where it is in space
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Interoception
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Awareness of internal processes (i.e.: heartbeat, blood flow etc...)
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Exteroception
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Awareness of where body is in relation to environment
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Binding Problem
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In order for sensation to reach consciousness, input from many sensory channels need to bind together. If these bound neuronal assemblies are not strong, they will not be perceived accurately (if at all)
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Appraisal Process
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How do you interpret the world?
Process of assessing the meaningfulness and relevance of external stimuli. Seen through a cognitive or emotional lens Can be automatic or conscious |
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Consciousness
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Constant internal mental noise when we are awake
Input from senses + thoughts |
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Internuncial Net
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A network of neurons that are between afferent and efferent nerves
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Interneurons
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nerve cells that associate muscle and sensory activity
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Features of SM Loop
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Filters, categorizes, hierarchal, heterarchical, convergence and divergence, multi-tasker, serial and parallel processor
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Explain convergence and divergence in SM Loop
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Convergence = many impulses coming into one neuron; nuances get lost
Divergence = many impulses leave from one neuron; more nuanced but can become overloaded (M: Double check this information) |
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Proprioception
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The body's ability to know where it is in space
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Interoception
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Awareness of internal processes (i.e.: heartbeat, blood flow etc...)
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Exteroception
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Awareness of where body is in relation to environment
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Binding Problem
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In order for sensation to reach consciousness, input from many sensory channels need to bind together. If these bound neuronal assemblies are not strong, they will not be perceived accurately (if at all)
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Appraisal Process
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How do you interpret the world?
Process of assessing the meaningfulness and relevance of external stimuli. Seen through a cognitive or emotional lens Can be automatic or conscious |
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Consciousness
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Constant internal mental noise when we are awake
Input from senses + thoughts |
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Internuncial Net
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A network of neurons that are between afferent and efferent nerves
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Interneurons
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nerve cells that associate muscle and sensory activity
|
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Features of SM Loop
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Filters, categorizes, hierarchal, heterarchical, convergence and divergence, multi-tasker, serial and parallel processor
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Explain convergence and divergence in SM Loop
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Convergence = many impulses coming into one neuron; nuances get lost
Divergence = many impulses leave from one neuron; more nuanced but can become overloaded (M: Double check this information) |
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Proprioception
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The body's ability to know where it is in space
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|
Interoception
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Awareness of internal processes (i.e.: heartbeat, blood flow etc...)
|
|
Exteroception
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Awareness of where body is in relation to environment
|
|
Binding Problem
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In order for sensation to reach consciousness, input from many sensory channels need to bind together. If these bound neuronal assemblies are not strong, they will not be perceived accurately (if at all)
|
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Appraisal Process
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How do you interpret the world?
Process of assessing the meaningfulness and relevance of external stimuli. Seen through a cognitive or emotional lens Can be automatic or conscious |
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Consciousness
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Constant internal mental noise when we are awake
Input from senses + thoughts |
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Preconscious
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That which exists outside of awareness but can be accessed
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Unconsicous
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That which exists outside of awareness but cannot be accessed (or is very difficult); physiological and psych
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Conscious vs. Non Processing
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CONSCIOUS: slow, inefficient, error-prone, internally consistent, large range of possible content
NON: fast, automatic, efficient, few errors, throughout brain, tolerates inconsistency, parallel processing |
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Thalamus
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Regulates brain waves; orchestrates them then lets them go
DJ THALAMUS! |
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Executive Abilities
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Exist in PFC, capacity to monitor self, limits speed of response and processing
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Brain Waves
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Alpha
Beta Theta Gamma Delta |
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Alpha Waves: characteristics
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8-11Hz; internally focused, meditative state; thinking
States of readiness, heightened awareness |
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Beta Waves: characteristics
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14-30Hz; increases temp during states of vigilant attn; concentration, awake, alert
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Gamma Waves: characteristics
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40+Hz; linked to prob-solving, dementia, self-reflection
Absence of = core sympt of schizophrenia |
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Theta Waves: characteristics
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4-8Hz; dreamy, relaxed, when external world is receding
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Delta Waves: characteristics
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2-4Hz; observed during sleep
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Cytoskeletons
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fillaments that live in one cell but can move between cells; creates web that extends throughout entire body
semi-conductors: conduct electrical energy directly through cells of body |
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Entrainment
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two wave-like rhythms that are close to each other will harmonize to become one rhythm
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Brain Waves
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Group of neurons that fire together in a coordinated sequence that oscillates in wave-like pattern
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Neurofeedback
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Biofeedback for the brain
Uses EEG with tones when brain waves are achieved |
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Energy
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Potential forces; capacity for action; energy = movement
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Types of energy
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Mechanical, electrical, nuclear, heat, magnetic, chemical
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Perineural NS
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Separate to ANS, CNS
More ancient than ANS/CNS Operates on direct current; more efficient and faster than A/CNS; very sensitive to electro-mag fields |
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Current of injury
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"Hum" that is constantly moving in body, quiet, sedate; controls injury repair
Injury disturbs the hum and alers systems in body to help |
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Mobility Gradient
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Way of looking at one's movement capacity in relation to psychological health; exists on continuum: primitive-stereotypic-creative
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Primitive End of Mobility Gradient
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Immobility- freeze response
Reflexes- spinal, coordinated |
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Mobility Gradient- stereotypic features
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motor plans- yield, push, reach, grasp, pull
Non-verbal Communication: posture, gesture, facial, touch moving into attunment |
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mobility gradient- creative features
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moving from attunement (emotional, physical, environmental, relational) into
PLAY! Play: organizing, randomizing |
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Reflexes- definition and types of
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involuntary responses to stimuli
somatic spinal visceral |
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Somatic Reflexes
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Primitive; present before or at birth
Contract skeletal muscles |
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Spinal Reflexes
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Carried out by spinal cord alone
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Visceral Reflexes
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Control smooth and cardiac muscle, glands
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Righting Reactions
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Necessary to lift head, crawl etc...brings head to vertical
More advanced patterns of mvt; preceded orienting and equilibrium |
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Equilibrium Responses
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Automatic patterns of response for maintaining balance; elicited by shifting weight; begins around 6 months
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Orienting response
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reflex that allows for immediate response to change in environment (when change is not so sudden as to illicit startle response). Example: if light goes on, body/senses attend to new light immediately
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postural tone
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continuous partial contraction of muscles
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Concept: Hypo-tone-hyper
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hypo-tone = not enough muscular contraction (can't grasp)
tone = right balance hyper-tone = too much muscular contraction (grasp too hard) |
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Defense Reactions
4 F's |
Fight: sympathetic; upper body
Flight: sympathetic; lower body Freeze: sympathetic; static hypertone Faint: parasymp; anaerobic |
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Mirror Neurons
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Allow brain to observe others and rehearse movement etc...for self
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Modulation
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Ability of NS to have "comfort zone" in regulation over events in daily life; poor modulation involved in SI problems
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Sensory Integration
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The organization of sensation for use
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Disinhibition
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Inability to screen out sensory information
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Praxia
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Ability to use sensory info for integrated thought and movement that results in organized action
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Dispraxia
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Lack of motor planning
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Adaptive responses
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A purposeful, goal driven response to a sensory experience; occurs largely during PLAY even in ADULT life
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SI Problems: manifestations
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Trouble interacting with peers
Learning Over/Under active; distractible Problems organizing Motor skill problems Low self image Lack of eye contact Covering eyes/ears Avoiding messy play Increased sensitivity |
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SI Problems: therapies
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Consistent routine
Sensory Diet Figure out trigger Increase postural strength Increase motor skills semi-structured play |
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Amygdala
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Involved in implicit/emotional memory
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Hippocampus
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Involved in consolidation, retrieval; explicit/declarative memory
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Stress Hormones and Memory
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Stress hormones are neurotoxins; interfere with hippocampus laying down explicit memory
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Schema
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Organized packet of knowledge one has about life/self/world
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LTP
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Long-term potentiation; structural changes in the neuron that alter the neural net and allow for memories to be present and strong for a long time
Caused by synchronous stimulation of neurons; underlying mechanism of plasticity |
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Striatum
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important structure for learning motor tasks: procedural/implicit memory
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