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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pre-practice consideration
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-motiviation for learning
-making the task seem important -goal setting |
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power law of practice
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-lagarithmic relationship b/t the rate of improvement during practice to the amount left to improve
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intrinsic feedback
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-sensory information during the movement
-how does that feel (kinesthetic) |
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extrinsic feedback
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-comes from external sources
-knowledge of results -knowledge of performance |
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knowledge of results
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-success/fail
-tends to have temporary effect onperformance -score -how far you walked |
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knowledge of performance
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-what needs to be considered to impact performance results
-push harder -follow the ball w/ your eyes -look ahead when you walk |
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mental practice/imagery
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-effective way to enhance learning during times when physical practice is not possible or painful
-effective if fatigue is an issue -effective to plan for "optimum" performance -neural circuits underlying the motor programs for the movements are actually triggered during mental practice |
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part training
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-components of a task defined in relationship to the goals of the task
-break task down into steps -each step must be practiced w/in the overall context of the task |
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when should you use part practice
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-skills that require a high degree of processing and low interdependency in joint coordination
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when should you use whole practice
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-skills that require a low degree of processing and high interdenpendency in joint coordination
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guidance learning
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-learner is physically guided through the task to be learned
-should be used only at the outset of teaching a task |
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discovery learning
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-achievable problem solving
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constant practice
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-repeating the same task over and over
-may be helpful early if task is difficult for the learner -best for learning tasks that will be performed in constant conditions |
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variable practice
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-practicing variations of the task
-increases ability to adapt and generalize learning -best for learning tasks that will be performed in variable conditions |
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transfer of training
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-variable practice leads to better performance in new conditions
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blocked practice
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-practicing the same task a number of times before moving on to a new task
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random practice
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-practice different tasks in a random order
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when is random practice most effective
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-used w/skills that use different patterns of coordination, different motor programs
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effectiveness of random practice will depend on
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-level of experience
-cognitive abilities -managing frustration |
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blocked practice is best for...
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-closed skills (minimal variation, self paced, consistent movements)
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massed practice
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-amount of practice time in a trial greater than amount of rest b/t trials
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distributed practice
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-amount of rest between trials is equal or greater than amount of time for trial
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