Clin Path Lecture 2 Question

Front 1

what kind of directional growth in epiphyeal plate in long bone

Back 1

linear

Front 2

shape and density of bones via

2 things

Back 2

hormones and mechanical demands

Front 3

fracture is break into these 3 possible things

with fracture, this will happen to..

Back 3

continuity of bone

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous joint surface

soft tissue injury

Front 4

review different fracture types

Back 4

ehh

Front 5

PATHO

Explain Stages of Healing

Back 5

see notes

Front 6

what happens during inflammation?

days in?

Back 6

hematoma formation, healing

7

Front 7

granulation tissue

days in

Back 7

14 days

Front 8

what happens during procallous/callous?

Back 8

cell proliferation and differentaion

mineralization

Front 9

What happens during ossification?

Back 9

callus replaced by lamellar bone

Front 10

how long does consolidationg/remodeling?

why does it take time?

Back 10

1 to 4 years

bone is avascular

Front 11

malunion is temporary with this age grougp

Back 11

children

b/c significant remodeling with growth

Front 12

delayed union can lead to these 2 things

Back 12

pseudoarthorsis and non union

Front 13

how long is non union?

Back 13

not healed after 6-9 months

Front 14

what's pseudoarthorios?

Back 14

fibrous union(never mineraliized)

Front 15

most common reason for osteomyeltisi?

vasucal reason?

Back 15

trauma

diabeties

Front 16

most common organism for osteomyelits

upper or lower extrem?

Back 16

staph aur

lower

Front 17

with compartment syndrome

which pressure greater than other

Back 17

tissu > intravasucle press

Front 18

most common compartemer of compartment syndrome

Back 18

anterior compartment of leg

Front 19

explain compartment syndrome

injury to necrosis of muscle

Back 19

see notes

Front 20

what are the 5 ps?

not realiable with

Back 20

pain out of proportion to inur

pallor

paresthesia

paralysis

pulsness

alteremenat stat, kids, nerve injuries

Front 21

read high risk and neurovasucl injury

Back 21

k

Front 22

osteopenia t score

osteoporos t score

Back 22

-1 to -2.5

-2.5

Front 23

PATHO

explain osteoporosis

Back 23

see notes

Front 24

osteoporis

what's increased, decreased

this is greater than this

which part of bone affected the most? common where? leads to this type of fracture = called

Back 24

clast increased

blast decreased

resorption > deposition

cancellous(trabelc) = vertebra = wedge fracture =dwoagers hump

increased osteocalcin level

Front 25

rickets vs. ostemalacia

both have this in common

Back 25

deficiency in vitamin d, calcium, phosphorus

Front 26

rickets vs. ostemalacia

growing ,mature

Back 26

rickets = growing skeleton

ostemalacia = mature skeleton

Front 27

rickets vs. ostemalacia

low sun exposure

renal disease

Back 27

osteomalcacia

Front 28

rickets vs. ostemalacia

congenital hyopphostaiais

increased pth - increased clast -

unable to mineralize

TETANY

Back 28

rickets

Front 29

2 deformiteis of rickets

which one more common?

Back 29

genu varus

genu valgus

varus

Front 30

PATHO

explain Paget disease

Back 30

see notes

Front 31

exlain the 3 stages of paget disease

Back 31

osteoclast(early) = soft and bend

mixed = irregular sub periosteal bone formation

osteoblast (late) = thick and hard

Front 32

synarthorses is

Back 32

nonsynovial joints

Front 33

diarthroses is

Back 33

synovial joints

Front 34

2 types of nonsynovial joints

Back 34

fibrous

cartiloginous

Front 35

3 types of fibrous joints

Back 35

suture

gomphosis

syndesmosi

Front 36

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Back 36

symphysis

synchondrosis

Front 37

synovial fluid produced by

Back 37

fibroblast like cells lining joint capsule

Front 38

name the 4 layers of capsule

Back 38

capsule

fibrosum

synovium

membrane

Front 39

synovial fluid contains these 2 things

Back 39

hyaluronic acid and lubricin

Front 40

read over synovial fluid

Back 40

k

Front 41

articular cartilage is avascular so ..

Back 41

limited repari//regneration capability

Front 42

3 things articular cartilage composition

Back 42

water

chondrocyese

matrix

Front 43

matrix made up of 2 things

what does each one do

Back 43

collagen= strengh and stif

proeglycans = compressio tolerance

Front 44

so articular cartilage is avascular so it relies on what?

Back 44

synovial fluid

Front 45

so it relies on synovial fluid

what needs to be done then

Back 45

MOTION ESSENTial for cartilage healt

Front 46

is oa localized or diffused

Back 46

localized

Front 47

oa = morning stiffness b/c lacok of motion = fluid not getting there

so that's why oa improves with movement

Back 47

k

Front 48

inner layer vs. outer laer of joint capsule

highly vascular

poorly vascular

Back 48

inner layer = highly

out = poorly

Front 49

inner layer vs. outer laer of joint capsule

a lot innervation

poor innervation

Back 49

outer layer = highly innervation

inner layer = poor innervation

Front 50

read over joint capsuel injuries

Back 50

plz

Front 51

septic bursitis is most commonly ffrom

Back 51

contignous spread from cellulitis or septic arthris

Front 52

3 levels of strains are

Back 52

1. minute tear

2 large tear but intact

3. total rupture or loss of strucute

Front 53

3

4 lgrades of sprains

Back 53

1. minimal tear

2. partial tear

3. complater rupture

4. avulsion from origin or insertion

Front 54

patho on electromechanic coupling

Back 54

k

Front 55

patho on blunt trauma

Back 55

k

Front 56

soft tissue healing path

Back 56

k

Front 57

ins msuclar dystrophy muscle is replaced by

Back 57

fat and fibrous connnective tissue

Front 58

muscular dystrophy classified by 4 things

Back 58

inher,age, onse, distribut of weakness

Front 59

duchenne is x linked and only affects

Back 59

men

Front 60

lack of dystophin leads to

Back 60

weak cm

leackage of fluid

Front 61

duchena and becker are upper or lower?

Back 61

lower

Front 62

with facioscapularhumeral dystrophy,

which 2 locations

which early and then late

Back 62

shoulder and face

face first then shoulder muscles