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138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The modern academic definition of “myth” is the same as the ancient Greek definition of “myth”
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false
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According to the modern academic definition of “myth” as used in this course, a myth is a traditional story with ____________
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Collective importance
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There are three different kinds of myth. The classification is based on _____________.
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function
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What kind of myth features ordinary humans as the principal characters and is set in the distant past?
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folk tale
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What kind of myth features supernatural beings as the principal characters and is set before or outside the present world order?
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Divine myth
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What kind of myth features heroes as the principal characters and is set in the distant past?
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legends
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Homer wrote The Iliad in the _____________.
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8th century
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Which Roman author is our most important source of Greek myths?
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Ovid
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Ancient Greek myths were originally meant to be _____________.
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Performed
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An etiological myth is, by definition, _________
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Explanatory
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In Hesiod’s view, “theogony” means the same thing as
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Cosmogony
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According to Hesiod, the first being in the world is Chaos. The word “chaos,” as Hesiod uses it, is best defined as
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void
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According to Hesiod, which being is NOT asexually produced by Gaea?
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Eros (was there from the beginning)
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According to Hesiod, the creation of the First Generation of gods establishes _____________ in the world.
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Place
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According to Hesiod, Cronus cuts off his father Uranus’s _____________.
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Testicles
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According to Hesiod, Rhea tricks her husband Cronus into swallowing a stone instead of [name of a deity].
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Zeus
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According to Hesiod, Aphrodite is born from a combination of the semen of Uranus and _____________.
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sea foam
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The ancient Greeks viewed sexual attraction as _____________.
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something to be feared
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In order to establish their dominance, the Olympian gods had to overcome _____________.
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Titans and Giants
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According to Hesiod, why does Gaea send Typhoeus against Zeus after she had taken his side in a previous battle?
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no reason is given
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The Olympian gods are best understood as a _____________.
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cosmic family
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Which is an attribute of Zeus?
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eagle, lightning, and a bull
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Zeus oversees the laws of ancient guest-host relationships, which the ancient Greeks called _____________.
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xenia
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If an ancient society has a principal male deity, he is most likely to be _____________.
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sky or weather god
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Hera is Zeus’s _____________.
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wife and sister
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Hera’s special bird is the _____________.
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peacock
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Zeus consorts with Mnemosyne (Memory) and their union produces the _____________.
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the muses
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The Fates _____________ the thread of each individual’s life.
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Spin, measure, cut (they do NOT repair)
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According to the ancient Greeks, who is subject to Fate?
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EVERYONE
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By the time of Homer, Poseidon is most closely associated with which body of water?
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Mediterranean
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Which deity does NOT live on Olympus (even though he was a very important god)?
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Hades
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The mother of Apollo and Artemis is _____________.
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Leto
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The arrows of Apollo bring _____________.
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Plague
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After slaying Python, Apollo establishes an oracle at _____________.
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Delphi
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The earliest questions asked of the oracle of Apollo (through the Pythia) were about _____________.
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Polis (city-states/government) and colonization
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Hephaestus catches his wife Aphrodite in bed with _____________.
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Ares
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Hephaestus was most closely associated with _____________.
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Metal Smiths
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What is the term for “having an enormous erection?”
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Ithyphallic
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What is the term for “warding off evil?”
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Apotropaic
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Which epithet belongs to Hermes?
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Argeiphontes (killer of Argus) and Psychopompus
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The female deities of Mt. Olympus all represent different aspects of a single concern, namely _____________.
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Fertility
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Who is in charge of the hearth, home, and private life?
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Hestia
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From what eastern fertility deity was Aphrodite derived?
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Ishtar, Estarta, Inana
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Who made and fell in love with a statue, which was brought to life by Aphrodite?
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Pigmalian
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Artemis is the goddess of _____________.
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Wild fertility
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Artemis is a common type known at the Potnia Theron, which means _____________.
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Mistress of beasts
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Artemis turns _____________ into a deer, and he is attacked and devoured by his own hunting dogs
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Actian in Thebes
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Which of the following was NOT a skill given to humans by Athena?
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BRONZE CASTING OR ANYTHING METAL
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Which of the following is an attribute of Athena?
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Owl, egis (gorgon head on shield/cloak ), armor
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The story of Niobe functions primarily as _____________.
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Exemplum
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The Greek goddess most closely related to the eastern fertility goddess type is _____________.
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Demeter (agriculture)
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Persephone is abducted by _____________.
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Hades/her uncle
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After her daughter is abducted, Demeter spends much of her time at _____________.
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Eleusis
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Demeter is a universal type known as the _____________.
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Mater Dolorosa
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The Rape of Persephone accurately explains the agricultural schedule of Greece.
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FALSE
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Dionysus was born from the _____________ of Zeus.
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Thigh
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Which of the following are associated with Dionysus?
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Ivy, figs, grapes, pine trees, panthers, eastern animals, goats, and sometimes bulls
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Who was NOT punished for refusing to worship Dionysus?
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Cadmus
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Who was ripped to pieces by women celebrating the rites of Dionysus?
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Pentheus
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Dionysus traveled to the Underworld to retrieve _____________.
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His mother, Semele
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The Greeks were uneasy about the fact that they worshipped Dionysus because the god was so _____________.
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Irrational, eastern, and excessive
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Hades was also known as _____________.
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Polyxenos (host to many)
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The ancient Greeks believed that after death, humans became _____________ or “images.”
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Eidola
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The primary purpose of grave goods, highly visible mourning, large burial structures, cremation, and tombstones was _____________.
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To keep the dead from coming back and bothering the living
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Our most comprehensive source for the ancient Greek view of the Underworld is _____________.
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Odyssey book 11
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After summoning the ghosts, Odysseus is approached by many ghosts. Which ghost really wants a proper burial?
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Elpenor
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Who tells Odysseus he would rather be a slave among the living than the king of all the dead?
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Achilles
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The heroes who fought valiantly at Troy are rewarded once they arrive in the Underworld.
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false
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With only a few exceptions, most ghosts in the Underworld spend their time _____________.
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doing nothing
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Upon their arrival in the Underworld, ghosts were judged by the crimes they committed when they were alive.
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FALSE
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Gilgamesh is closely associated with, and was king of, the city of
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Uruk
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Zeus turns Io into a
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cow
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Lo eventually settles down in
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Egypt
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Acrisius first imprisons his daughter Danae in
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Underground bronze dungeon
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Zeus impregnates Danae in the form of
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Golden Stream
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Acrisius puts Danae and Perseus in a box and
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Throws them in the sea
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Who commands Perseus to bring him the head of a gorgon?
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King Polydectes
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The only mortal Gorgon is
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Medusa
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Perseus falls in love with a woman chained to a rock, named
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Andromeda
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The Folktale Motifs missing from the myth cycle of Perseus suggest that the story was meant for
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children
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Heracles is the son of Zeus and
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Alcemena
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Zeus impregnates Heracles’ mother in the form of
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Likeness of her husband
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Heracles is constantly harassed by the goddess
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Hera
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Heracles accomplishes his labors at the command of Eurystheus, his cousin and the king of
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Mycenea
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Which of the following is an old-fashioned (or “uncivilized”) attribute of Heracles?
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Lion skin, club, and bow and arrow
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Heracles’ first labor is to kill a savage lion who lives
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Nemea
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Heracles must kill the Hyrda who lives
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Lerna
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Heracles must take care of a bull, sacred to Poseidon, who lives
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Crete, ends up in Marathon
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According to the ancient Greeks, the end of the world to the west is
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Straights of Gibraltar
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One man, Philoctetes, is brave enough to light the fire of Heracles’ funeral pyre. As a reward, Philoctetes receives Heracles’
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Bow
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When he dies, Heracles becomes a god. The process of becoming a god is called
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Apotheosis
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The Athenians considered themselves autochthonous and traced their ancestry back to Gaea (Earth) and the semen of
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Ephestus
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Aegeus is the king of
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Athens
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Theseus, son of Aegeus, Poseidon, and Aethra, is born and raised in
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Troezen
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Theseus meets a villain who stretches or amputates travelers to fit his bed. The villain’s name is
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Procrestes
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Theseus meets a villain who ties travelers to two bent pine trees, which then tear the traveler in half when unbent. His name is
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Sinis
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Zeus seduces Europa in the form of
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a bull
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Minos asks for a sign from Poseidon that he (Minos) is really the son of Poseidon. Poseidon sends a sign in the form of
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Bull of Crete
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Daedalus is responsible for designing and building all of the following
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The bull, the laborynth and Icorisus’ wings
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Theseus falls in love with, takes advantage of, and then abandons
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Areadne
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Why does Theseus travel to the land of the Amazons?
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He is bored
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Phaedra falls in love with Theseus’s son Hippolytus, who is her
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step son
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Perseus does NOT encounter which of the following creatures?
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The minotaur
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Gilgamesh was _________
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1st recorded hero
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The etiological function of a Legend is analogous to
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Modern history
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The Danaids are an example of a common folktale motif called
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All but one
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Jason is closely associated with which region of Greece:
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Thessaly
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Who is the sister of Helen
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Clytemnestra
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Jason was raised, educated, and trained by a civilized centaur named
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Chiron
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On his way to Ioclus, Jason helps an old woman cross a river and loses his sandal in the mud. The old woman is really
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Hera
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The evil king of Iolcus is
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Pelias
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The Argo lands at Mysia, and loses _____________ who is searching for his boyfriend Hylas.
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Hercules
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The golden fleece is located in
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Aea, Colchis
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Medea falls in love with Jason and helps him recover the Golden Fleece. She is a cultural type know as
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The Other
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Off the coast of Crete, the Argo is hit with rocks thrown by a bronze man (a robot) named
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Talos
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Jason and Medea settle in Corinth. He plans to marry the princess of Corinth. Medea gets revenge on Jason by
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Killing the princess, his sons, and flying away on a chariot pulled by dragons
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The lesson of Euripides’ Medea is
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Nothing in Excess
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Jason dies a sad, lonely, and ironic death not fit for a hero.
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True
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The Iliad describes events that take place over the course of
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a couple of weeks
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Who offended the gods by serving them stew containing chopped up pieces of his son?
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Tantalus
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Pelops won the hand of Hippodamia in a ____________ against her father Oenomaus.
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Chariot Race
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Thyestes curses the House of
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Atresus
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Who comes up with the Oath of Tyndareus?
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Odysseus
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Who causes trouble at the Wedding of Peleus and Thetis?
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Eris
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The Greek army’s resident seer is
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Calchas
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Odysseus and Diomedes have to trick _______________ into revealing himself, because they can’t win the Trojan War without him.
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Achilles
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Which Greek warrior is bitten by a snake and abandoned by his comrades because his infected foot is oozing pus and smells bad?
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Philoctetes
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In order to get a favorable wind for sailing to Troy, the Greeks sacrifice
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Iphigenia
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The big argument at the beginning of the Iliad is between Achilles and
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Agamemnon
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Achilles finally returns to the war after (and because of) the death of
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Patriculus
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Which ONE of the following events occurs in the Iliad? (depends on the choices, but…)
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Death of Hector
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Achilles drags the dead body of ______________ around the walls of Troy.
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Hector
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Who ransoms the body of Hector by begging Achilles to consider his own father, who will soon mourn the loss of a son?
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King Priam
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Calchas tells the Greeks that in order to capture Troy, they need all of the following
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Achilles, kill Iphigenia, Neoptolemus, the Palladium, Heracles’s bow
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The beat-up Greek who claims he was supposed to have been a sacrifice to the Horse is
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Sinon
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Who wants to burn the horse and says, “I fear Greeks, even those bearing gifts.”
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Laocoon
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Which Trojan princess is raped at the foot of the statue of Athena?
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Cassandra
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Which Trojan princess is sacrificed over the grave of Achilles to appease the warrior’s thirst for blood?
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Polyxena
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