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228 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibacterial
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Pertaining to against bacteria
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Anticoagulant
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Blood thinners
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Anaphylaxis
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Sever allergic reaction, may cause death
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Aspectic
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Sterile technique
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Bronchodilation
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Opening up airways
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Therapeutic
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Normal level of drug in the body (middle);
Appropriate treatment for the pt |
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Trough
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Least amount that should be in the body
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Peak
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Largest amount that should be in the body
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Catharic
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Stronger than a laxative, Used to prepare for a diagnostic procedure
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Compatible
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Can be used together; Sure that they do not contradict
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Contraindication
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Reason why you would not use it
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Emetic
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Makes you throw up
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Generic
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Chemical form, 1st born
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Trade name
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Has a (R) after it, just the trade name
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Intradermal
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Within the dermal layer of the skin
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Intravenous
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Within the vein
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Narcotic
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Controlled substance
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Parental
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Anything given with a needle
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Chemical name
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Name by which a chemist knows a drug, describes the constituents of the drug precisely
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Subcutaneous
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Within the SQ (fatty) layer of the skin
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Sublingual
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Under the tongue
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Systemic
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Affects the whole body
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Classification
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Grouping of drugs
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Pharmacokinetics
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Absorption, transportation, biotrasmation & excretion.
How drugs move throught the body |
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What are the rapid routes?
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Sublingual
Parenteral Inhalers Topical |
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Biotransformation
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Way the drug is excreted throught the body
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What are the different types of Kidney blood tests?
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BUN (blood, urine, nitrogen)
Cr (Creatinine) |
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What are the different types of Liver blood tests?
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SGOT
SGPT |
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What are the gastrointestinal routes for meds?
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Oral
Sublingual Buccal (Cheek) |
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What are different types of topical meds?
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Lotions
Ointments Creams Powders Lotions |
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When applying ointment to the eyes you work from ____ to ____.
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Inner to Outter
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How long should the pt stay in position after applying ear drops?
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2-3 minutes
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How long should the pt stay in position after applying nasal solution?
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5 Minutes
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How long should the pt wait before blowing there nose after inserting nasal solution?
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atleast 15 minutes
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What types of oral meds should you not crush?
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Interic coating, extending release and non scored
XL, SR, CD, LA, CR, ER |
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What are the 7 vital components of a valid drug order?
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Full pt name
Date & time written Drug name Dose Frequency route Drs. Signature |
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How often should you look for medication changes in the pt chart?
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atleast every hour
throughout the day |
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Alimentary
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Of, concerned with or relating to nourshiment or to the function of nutrition
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Anorexia
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Lack of appetite
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Diabetic
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Characterized by inadequate secretion or utilization of insulin. Affective with diabetics
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Anorexia
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Lack of appetite
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Diabetic
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Characterized by inadequate secretion or utilization of insulin. (affected with diabetes)
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Diet
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Food or drink regularly provided or consumed
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Emaciation
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A wasted condition of the body
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Emesis
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Vomiting
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Hematemesis
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Vomitting of blood
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Hyperalimentation
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Administration of nutrients by IV feeding
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Hyperglycemia
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An excess of sugar in the blood
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Infuse
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To steep in liquid without boiling so as to extract the soluble constituents or principals
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Ingest
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Taking in
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Lumen
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The cavity of a tubular organ
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Anabolism
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Simple substance are converted by body cells to move complex substances (eg. Tissues) (To buid Up)
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Malnutrition
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Disorder of nutrition, insufficient nourishment of the body
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Nasogastric Tube
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Incubation of the stomach by way of the nasal passage
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Nausea
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Stomach distress with urge to vomit
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Projectile vomitting
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Vomiting that is sudden and occurs usually without nausea & is forceful
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Protocol
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Predetermined & preprinted plan specifying the procedure to be followed in a particular situation
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Catabolism
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Complex substances are broken down into simpler substances (eg. Breakdown of tissue)
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What are the 5 basic rights of medication administration?
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1. Right Patient
2. Right Time 3. Right Route 4. Right Med 5. Right Dose |
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What are 5 additional rights of medication administration?
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1. Patients right to know what type of meds
2. Patients right to assessment 3. Patients right to refuse (nurse should ask why & contact dr) 4. Patients right to evaluation (outcome, what happens) 5. Right to documentation (at bedside) |
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When should the nurse document after giving medication?
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Immediately after giving, at bedside, before washing hands
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Guage
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1. Diameter of the needle
2. The larger the number the smaller the needle |
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Hub
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Part that fits onto the syringe
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The needle size depends on what?
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a. Route
b. Patient size c. Medication to be given |
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What are the medication rules?
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1. Give meds immediately after preparing them
2. Floor stock vials are good for only 24 hours 3. When opening a new vial you must date, time and initial it. 4. If a vial is not labeled it goes into the sharps container 5. Vials never go in garbage; they ALWAYS go into the sharps container |
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how do you label a multi use vial?
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a. Date
b. Time c. Amount/dilute d. Your name |
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If the pt refuse a medication what must you do?
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1. Wasted meds (esp. narcotics) must be witnessed by another nurse and they must sign off too.
2. In pixes system 3. Must Document |
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How many medication checks should you preform and when do you do them?
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3 times in med room and 1ce at the bedside
a. When you find the bottle b. Before Drawing c. After Drawing d. At bedside |
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What is the intradermal injection site used for?
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TB testing
Allergy tests |
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Where can you give an ID injection?
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Forearm
Upper back Upper chest |
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What is SQ injections used for?
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Heparin
Lovenox Insulin |
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Where are SQ injections given?
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a. Stomach (most common)
b. Outer top of thighs c. Back of arms d. Top of back e. Above butt |
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What type of injection commonly has to be cosigned because of the medication?
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SQ
Lovenox, heparin, & insulin |
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What is the least preferred injection site? Why?
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Dorsal gluteal because of the sciatic nerve
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What is being assessed when changing a dressing?
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Sutures or Staples?
How many? Well Approximated? DIOR? |
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How often should the post operative pt be monitored?
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15 minutes
30 minutes 1 hour 4 hour |
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What does it mean to map the area?
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Can be done for a small area only
Circle and put the time & date |
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Whats a penrose drain?
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Looks like a turniquet
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Whats a jackson pratt drain?
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It is held in place by sutures. Provides pressure & opens to let fluid out. Will be flagged & marked with a #. All fluid coming out gets empting & measured individually as output
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Whats a hemovac?
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Flat circle that expands.
Looks like a canteen |
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What a T-tube drain?
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Looks like a T with a bag on it
Used after gallbladder surgery |
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Chest tube
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Hooked up to a pleurevac. Sutured in place & air tight. Must be on the floor below the chest. Draw a line with date & time for totals directly on machine. Can not be drapped. Emergency clamps should be at the bedside.
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Sanguineous
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Bloody red
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Serosanguineous
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Pinkish in color
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Serous
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Yellow
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Primary intention
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Well approximated
What you want to see |
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Secondary intention
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Heals inside out. May need to be packed with gauze. Not good. Ex: burns, skinned knee, Ruptured appendix
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Occlusive
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Air tight
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Non Occlusive
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not air tight
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Is a drs order required for solutions to be out on a wound?
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Yes
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Montgomery Straps
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Used to tie the dressing instead of tape, Stays until it is soiled
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What should you always do before removing a tube?
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Premedicate
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What are important infection control measure to take after a Foley is in place?
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Increas fluid intact
Change positions Be sure tube is not clogged Ask about pain & discomfort Test, clean urine Regular catheter care |
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How far do you insert a foley into a female?
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2-3" then 1 further
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How far do you insert a foley in to a male?
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6-8" the 1 more
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Pertaining to a Foley the larger the number the ____ the catheter
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the larger the equipment
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On insertion if urine fills to ___ you must clamp off and wait 30 minutes
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1500 mL
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Straight Catheter
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1 time catheter
Use bladder scan |
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What are the steps for discontinuing a foley?
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Read equipment
Withdraw the fluid Pull out the catheter Empty into cylinder Document amt, & time D/C |
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What locations are used for a central line?
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Neck - Internal Jugular vein (IJ)
Chest - Subclavian vein (X-ray must be done) |
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Before using a central line what must be done?
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X-ray
Document that they called, Who you spoke to , and what they said |
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What are 5 complications of IV theraphy?
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Infiltration
Infection Phlebitis Bleeding Fluid Overload |
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Infiltration
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Fluid doesn't go into the vein
may be large or small Swelling & coldness are signs |
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Infection
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Signs are reddness, warmth, & pus
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Phlebitis
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Irritation of the vein
Signs: May develop w/in 48 hrs of infection, streaking of reddness along the length of the teflan of IV, swelling, warmth, burning in the length of the vein |
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Bleeding
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at IV site
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Fluid overload
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Signs: Coughing (fluid in lungs), crackles, rales, SOB, distended neck vein, changes in vital (Increased heart rate)
Dr may order diuretic (check Kidneys, urine & BP before giving) Do not restare |
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In Iv theraphy as the # goes up the needle gets ____
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smaller
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Cannula
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Only part of the IV that gets left in
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What are 2 types of IV tubing?
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Micro (always 60 gtt & has a needle in drip chamber)
Macro (10, 15, 20 gtts) |
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What are the 2 kinds of IV tubing bags?
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Primary - Big bags
Secondary - Small bags; ensure proper drip |
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All IV's with an ______ must be ran with a pump, esp. ____ and a _____must always be ran with a pump
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Additive; K; Central line
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What factors influence flow rate?
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Position of the forearm, position & patency of tubing, height of bottle, infiltration or leakage, & the size of the angiocath shouldn't be larger than the vein
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What is the minimum guage requirement for a blood transfusion?
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20 guage
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How long is an IV bag good for?
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24 hours
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How long is IV tubing good for?
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3-4 days dependant on policy
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How long is the angiocath good for?
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4-5 days
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How often should a Heplock be flushed?
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every 8 hours
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What is heplock flushed with? How much?
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2 mL normal saline
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What is a safe blood sugar range?
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80-120
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What are the 2 kinds of IV tubing bags?
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Primary - Big bags
Secondary - Small bags; ensure proper drip |
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All IV's with an ______ must be ran with a pump, esp. ____ and a _____must always be ran with a pump
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Additive; K; Central line
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What factors influence flow rate?
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Position of the forearm, position & patency of tubing, height of bottle, infiltration or leakage, & the size of the angiocath shouldn't be larger than the vein
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What is the minimum guage requirement for a blood transfusion?
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20 guage
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How long is an IV bag good for?
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24 hours
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How long is IV tubing good for?
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3-4 days dependant on policy
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How long is the angiocath good for?
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4-5 days
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How often should a Heplock be flushed?
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every 8 hours
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What is heplock flushed with? How much?
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2 mL normal saline
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What is a safe blood sugar range?
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80-120
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What is a normal K range?
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3.5-5
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What is a normal leukocyte count?
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4,500-11,000
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What can Lacix cause from being pushed to fast?
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Permanent hearing problems / loss
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How fast should lacix be given?
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10 mg / min
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What is the room O2 level?
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21%
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When the liter flow is at 1 how much O2 is the pt receiving? how much is the O2 increased by?
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24%
3% |
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When the liter flow is at 2 how much O2 is the pt receiving? how much is the O2 increased by?
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28%
4% |
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When the liter flow is at 3 how much O2 is the pt receiving? how much is the O2 increased by?
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32%
4% |
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When the liter flow is at 4 how much O2 is the pt receiving? how much is the O2 increased by?
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36%
4% |
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When the liter flow is at 5 how much O2 is the pt receiving? how much is the O2 increased by?
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40%
4% |
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What is a Nasal Canal?
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Goes into the nose
Do not increase flow higher than 5 Most common |
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When do you check the pt O2?
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At the beginning of your shift to be sure it is at the ordered rate and to be sure that the order has not been updated
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What is a normal pulse ox for a healthly person?
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95%
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What is a normal pulse ox for a pt with repiratory problems?
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92%
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What can high O2 cause in a pt with respiratory problems?
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Can knock out the pt drive to breath
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What questions should you ask a pt with COPD?
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Do you use O2 at home?
How much? |
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Is O2 taken off to go to the bathroom?
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No the tubing is very long. 20-50 feet
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Does a nasal canula work for mouth breathers?
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no
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Simple mask
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Goes over the pt mouth and nose
Used for mouth breathers Difficult during feedings |
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Venting Mask
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More specific to drs order.
Dial makes adjustment to how much comes through |
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What is special about the venting mask?
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Must be exact.
Get down & read it. |
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Partial rebreather mask
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Both stoppers come off
Large concentration of O2 stays in the bag, must inflate & deflate, Liter flow varies going up to 15 |
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Nonrebreather mask
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1 rubber stopper is left in place & liter flow is put on 15 closes you can get to full o2 without traching
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What type of masks can humidication bottles be hooked to?
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Nasal canulas & simple masks
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Ambui Bag
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used to deliver air in an emergency, bag is suppose to keep trapped air in for 100% O2 delivery
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What does MNT mean?
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Breathing treatment
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How may a breathing treatment be given?
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In a mask or a peace pipe
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Can creams & inhalers be left at the bedside?
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No they should be placed in individual bags in the pixes system
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What must always be used in hot and cold theraphy?
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A barrier between the device and the skin
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What does heat cause?
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Vasodilation
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What is the most common tye of dry heat device?
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K-pad (heating pad), use only distilled water
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What does the cold cause?
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vasoconstriction
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How long can hot or cold theraphy be left on for?
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20 minutes out of an hour or it will have the opposite effect
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Ecchymosis
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The escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels.
BRUISE |
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Erythemia
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Rash
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Petechiae
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Broken blood vessels usually around the eyes
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Ischemia
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Deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of circulation to the body part
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Emollient
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Making soft or supple
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What are the steps in post exposure management?
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Decontaminate
report Meet with a counselor Baseline Blood test Immediate prohalaxis Follow up in 3-6 months Test source blood with consent Continue counseling |
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What order should PPE be put on?
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Hands
Gown Mask Eyewear Gloves |
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What order should PPE be removed?
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Untie gown, Gloves, Wash hands, Eyewear, remove gown, Mask, & wash hands
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What types of infections should be reported?
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Open skin
respiratory enteric Contagios |
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ac
pc hs |
ac - before meals
pc - after meals hs - hour of sleep |
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OU
OD OS |
OU - Both eyes
OD - Right eye OS0 - left eye |
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AU
AD AS |
AU - Both ears
AD - Right ear AS - Left ear |
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Where do the majority of needle sticks occur?
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On the ward
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Pathogen - ______ - _______ - _______ - _______ - _______
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Pathogen - reservoir - portal of exit - transportation - portal of entry - susceptible host
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Airborne
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Isolate with air pressure room
Wear mask 5 or smaller Measles, Tb |
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Droplet
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Private room or 3 feet away
Mask Larger than 5 Pnemunia |
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Contact
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private room
Gloves, gown Impetigo, herpes |
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Medical Aspesis
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Decrease amount of micros
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Surgical Aspesis
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Remove all micros
Sterile |
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Aspesis
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Limits / reduces the number of micros throughout the hospital
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1 cc = __ oz
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5 oz
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Myopia
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Near sighted cant see far
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hyperopia
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Far sighted cant see close
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Exophthalmus
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Bulging of the eyes
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Ptosis
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Drooping of the eye
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Stratismus
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Lazy eye
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Amblyopia
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Permanent loss of visual activity if stabismus isn't corrected in childhood
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What reasons are height needed?
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Growth & development
Ratio between height and weight Shrinkage |
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What reasons are weight needed?
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Medication dose
Baseline Monitor nutrition Self image Fluid balance |
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Decubitus Ulcer stage 1
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Redded area
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Decubitus Ulcer stage 2
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Tear in epidermal (SQ) or dermal (blister)
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Decubitus Ulcer stage 3
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Breakdown into SQ tissue
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Decubitus Ulcer stage
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Break down into SQ, muscle & bone
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How often should a uncounscious pt be turned?
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every 2 hours
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How often should knee highs be removed?
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Every 8 hours for 30 minutes
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Systolic
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Maxium measure of force
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Diastolic
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Minium measure of force
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What are some factors that nfluence BP?
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Anxiety
Position Smoking, eating, excercise ( wait atleast 5 minutes) |
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What questions should you ask before taking a BP? What area should be avoided?
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Name, dob, allergies
Dialysis shunt? Masectomy? & avoid IV arm |
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To use a nursing label what must be present?
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Atleast 1 major defining characteristic
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What a Balkon?
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Over the head triangle that hangs down; It helps to get the pt into position
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What is a canapy
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Semicircle that is used to drape linens providing warmth & privacy
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High fowlers
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90 degree
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Fowlers
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Semiseating 45 degree
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Semifowlers
|
Lowest position for feeding tubes
30 degree |
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Trendelenburgs position
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Head lowered and foot raised
Used for venous circulation, basal lung lobes, & low bp |
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Low fowlers
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15 degrees
Femoral artery puncture pt may use this for meals |
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Reverse trendelenberg
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Head raised feet lowered
Reflux, asthma |
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Which is worse a sprain or a strain?
|
Sprain
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Sprain
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Tearing or streaching of the ligaments
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Strain
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Tear of ligaments
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What is the range of a systolic bp?
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90-140
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What is the diastolic range?
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60-90
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What is pulse pressure?
|
The difference between the systolic and the diasolic pressure
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Orthostatic
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Vitals (bp & pulse) taken while laying, sitting, standing
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What is the normal temp range of a 18-70 year old?
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97 - 99.4
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What is the normal temp range of someone greater than 70 year old?
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96 - 99.4
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What a normal pulse range
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60 - 100
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Whats the normal respiration rate?
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12-20
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Axillary temp should be a degree ____ than oral.
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lower
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Rectal temp should be a degree ___ than oral.
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higher
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When should vitals always be taken?
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After surgery
As Dr orders Before leaving the floor Before giving meds |
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At what temp are meds usually ordered?
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101
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What are some signs of hypothermia?
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Disorentation, muscle coordination, Changes in temp, tiredness, pain, shivering, low pulse, low respiratory rate, decreased urine output
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What should be done for hypothermic pts?
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Get wet clothes off, warm with blankets, warm Iv fluids, cover head, & keep the limbs close to the body
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