Cj Exam 2

Front 1

Kent v. United States

Back 1

Juveniles had the right to counsel

Front 2

In re Gault

Back 2

Extended many due process rights to juveniles

Front 3

Roper v. Simmons

Back 3

Unconstitutional for people to receive the death penalty for crimes committed under age 18

Front 4

Graham v. Florida

Back 4

Extended the logic behind Roper v. Simmons, delinquents shouldn't be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole

Front 5

Graham v. Connor

Back 5

Court establishes standard of "objective reasonableness at the moment", deadly force judged from point of view of officer at the scene

Front 6

Tennessee v. Garner

Back 6

Deadly force on unarmed or fleeing of suspect unless probable cause of serious threat

Front 7

Line functions

Back 7

functions that directly involve field operations of the police such as patrol, investigation, traffic control, juvenile crimes etc.

Front 8

Staff functions

Back 8

functions that supplement or support the lien functions

Front 9

Compstat Program

Back 9

Emphasizes precinct-level accountability for crime reduction; is a statistical tool to measure success / lack of success

Front 10

Japanese patrolling

Back 10

One hour foot patrols, have conversations that are both innocent and investigatory

Front 11

The Clearance Rate

Back 11

percentage of crimes known to police that they believe they have solved through an arrest

Front 12

What are the three major effects on law enforcement of police corruption?

Back 12

1. Suspects are left free to engage in further crime 2. morale is damaged and supervision becomes lax 3. the image of the police suffers

Front 13

What are "grass eaters"?

Back 13

Officers who accept payoffs in the routines of police work (a form of occupational crime)

Front 14

What are "meat eaters"?

Back 14

Officers who actively use their power/authority for personal gain

Front 15

Four methods used to increase civic accountability of police are:

Back 15

Internal Affairs Units, Civilian Review Boards, Civil Liability Suits, and Standards & Accreditation

Front 16

Transnational crimes occur among ____ or more countries

Back 16

3

Front 17

NCVS

Back 17

Survey of victims conducted by the US Census Bureau. Focus is on victims perspective, emphasis on how much greater the numbers are than in the UCR

Front 18

UCR

Back 18

Uniform Crime Report, summary of crimes reported by law enforcement, splits crimes into categories. Provides a useful but incomplete picture of crime statistics

Front 19

Trial courts of limited jurisdiction

Back 19

Criminal courts that deal with misdemeanors and preliminary matters in felony cases

Front 20

Trial courts of general jurisdiction

Back 20

Criminal courts with jurisdiction over all offenses, including felonies

Front 21

Appellate courts

Back 21

Courts that do not try criminal cases but hear appeals of decisions of lower courts

Front 22

Courts of last resort

Back 22

Usually state supreme courts

Front 23

Four key issues in understanding police subculture

Back 23

1. The working personality 2. police morality 3. police isolation (suspicion of and isolation from the public) 4. policing is a very stressful job