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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the Occipitalis Muscle? |
To move the scalp and eyebrows backward and upward. It also plays a part in facial expressions. |
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What is the function of the Frontalis Muscle? |
It controls the movement of the forehead and eyebrows. |
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What is the function of the Temporalis Muscles? |
They play an important role in biting and chewing |
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What is the function of the Platysma Muscle? |
Pulling down the mandible, which opens the mouth. Pulling the corners of the lips out and down, forming a frown. |
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What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle? |
Moves the lower jaw up, forward and side-to-side to assist with chewing, biting and grinding food with teeth. |
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What is the function of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle? |
To roll the head to the opposite side, rotate the head and extend the neck. |
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What is the function of the Trapezius Muscles? |
To tilt and turn the head and neck, shrug and steady the shoulders, and twist the arms. It also rotates, depresses, retracts the scapula (shoulder blade). |
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Name the main arteries in the face |
Occipital artery Superficial Temporal artery Maxillary artery Lingual artery Facial artery Superior Thyroid artery |
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Name the lymph nodes of the head and neck |
Posterior Auricular Anterior Auricular Occipital Superficial Cervical Deep Cervical Parotid Submental Submandibular |
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What are the 4 stages of healing? |
1. Hemostasis Phase 2. Inflammatory phase 3. Epithelialisation / Proliferative phase 4. Maturation / Remodeling phase |
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Starting from the outermost layer, name the 5 layers of the epidermis |
Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale / Germinativum |
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What does "desquamation" mean? |
The shedding/ removal of dead skin cells |
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Name the 3 main layers of the skin? |
Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis |
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What's another name for the Hypodermis? |
Subcutaneous layer |
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Name the two sections of the dermis |
Papillary layer (upper dermis) Reticular layer (lower dermis) |
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What is the Stratum Corneum? |
The outermost layer of the skin, made up of mostly dead skin cells. This layer helps to repel water. |
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Which layer of the skin repels water? |
Stratum Corneum |
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What is the deepest layer of the skin beauty therapists/Aestheticians are allowed the work within (chemical peels) |
Papillary Layer |
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What is the Stratum Lucidum |
The second outermost layer - clear in appearance. Most present in the palms of hands and soles of feet. |
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In which layers of the skin is keratin produced? |
Stratum Basale (keratinocyte formation) Stratum Granulosum (keratin production) |
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What is the Stratum Spinosum? |
The second innermost layer or the epidermis. Gives the skin it's strength and flexibility. |
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Which layer of the epidermis determines skin colour |
Stratum Basale (due to it's melanocytes content) |
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What is the Stratum Basale? |
The innermost layer of the epidermis where the skin's most important cells are made (keratinocytes and melinocytes). |
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What do melanocytes do? |
Determine skin colour and protect skin from UV radiation. |
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What can be found in the dermis? |
Blood vessels Sebaceous Glands Sweat Glands Hair follicles Collagen Nerves |
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What layer of the skin do you find collagen? |
The dermis |
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What parts of the skin regulates temperature? |
The papillary layer (upper dermis) Hypodermis / Subcutaneous Layer |
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Which layer of the skin provides nutrients to the stratum basale to make keratinocytes? |
Papillary layer (upper dermis) |
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Which layer of the skin form people's fingerprints? |
The papillary layer (upper dermis) |
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Where in the dermis are hair follicles and sweat glands found? |
Reticular layer (lower dermis) |
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What are the main functions of the skin? |
Protection Absorption Excretion Secretion Regulation Sensation |
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Where in the skin are the sebaceous glands located? |
Reticular layer (lower dermis) |
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What is the name of the substance produced by the skin to stop it from drying out? |
Sebum |
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What is collagen? |
A protein that helps strengthen the skin |
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What is elastin? |
A protein that helps keep skin flexible |
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Where are lymphatic vessels located in the skin? |
Reticular layer (lower dermis) |
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Where is the nasal bone? |
Bridge of nose |
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Where are the Maxilla bones |
Upper jaw (above top teeth) |
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Where is the Vomer bone? |
In the centre of the nostrils, separating the nasal cavities |
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Where are the Zygomatic bones? |
Cheekbones |
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Where are the Lacriminal bones? |
Near the tear duct forming part of the eye socket |
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What are the turbinate bones? |
2 scroll shaped bones that form the sides of the nasal cavity |
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What are the Paletine bones? |
2 L-shaped bones that sit behind the nose and form the roof of the mouth, part of the eye sockets and the walls of the nose. |
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What is the sphenoid bone? |
A bone in the middle of the skull that joins with the frontal, parietal and temporal bones. It also forms the base of the skull. |
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What is the ethmoid bone? |
It forms part of the orbital and nasal cavities and sits below the frontal bone and in front of the sphenoid bone. |
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Which muscle is responsible for creating vertical lines in the lower forehead? |
Corrugator |
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Where is the Buccinator found and what is its function? |
Either side of the mouth, between the Maxillary & Mandible bones. Helps to keep the cheeks flat against the teeth while chewing. Also used for whistling and sucking. |
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Which layer of the skin does not contain blood vessels? |
Epidermis |
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What holds older skin cells together? |
Desmosomes |
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Which part of the heart distributes oxygenated blood around the body |
Aorta |
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What connects the trachea to the lungs? |
The Bronchi |
