Chpt 29 Seedless Plants

Front 1

Traits shared between Plants and Charophytes (Chara and Coleochaete)

Back 1

*Rosette/Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins( make cellulose microfibrils of cell wall)
* Peroxisome enzymes (minimize organic product loss from photorespiration)
* Structure of flagellated sperm
*Formation of phragmoplast (microtubule beginning of cell plate in mitosis)
*Sporopollenin (prevents desiccation)

Front 2

1. Includes Chorophytes, Charophytes and Embyophytes
2. Charaphytes and Embryophytes
3. Embryophytes only

Back 2

1.Viridiplantae
2.Streptophyta
3.Plantae

Front 3

Derived Traits of Land Plants

Back 3

*Alteration of Generations
*Walled spores made in Sporangia
*Multicellular Gametangia
*Apical Meristems
*Multicellular dependent embyos

Front 4

Alternation of generations

Back 4

Multicellular Sporophyte (2n) -> Meiosis -> spores(n)->
Multicellular Gametophyte (n)->fertilization ->zygote(2n)

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Sporangium

Back 5

multicellular organ that produces spores

Front 6

Gametangia (m and f gametangia)

Back 6

multicellular organ that makes gametes. Either Archegonia egg (f) or Antheridia sperm (m). Need water to transfer.

Front 7

Apical Meristem

Back 7

region of cell division at tips of roots and shoots.

Front 8

Cuticle

Back 8

another adaptation. waxy substance upon the epidermis to resist desiccation.

Front 9

Placental Transfer

Back 9

elaborate ingrowths fo the wall surface to enhance transfer of parental (n) tissues provide developing embryo with nutrients

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Embyophytes

Back 10

Name for land plants derived from their multicellular dependent embryo.

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Vascular Tissue

Back 11

cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients though out the plant.
*Xylem (water)
*Phloem (nutrients)
*Allows for taller growing

Front 12

Vascular plants

Back 12

plants with a complex vascular system.

Front 13

Bryophytes

Back 13

*Non-vascular plants
*"bryon"-moss ""phyton"-plant
*Liverworts
*Mosses
*Hornworts
*Lack roots and true leaves
*low ground plants b/c no vascular support

Front 14

Bryophyte Life cycle

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*Dominant gametophyte in life cycle
* reduced sporophyte
*spores make protenema (one cell thick filaments that enhances absorption) which generate gametophore

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Gametophore

Back 15

gamete producing structure

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rhizoids

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*anchor gametophytes, made of long, tubular single cells or fillaments of cells
*Not made of of tissues
*no water and nutrient in take

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Lycophytes

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*Seedless Vascular plant
*ex. Club mosses, pike mosses, quillworts
*grade not clade
*leaves: microphylls

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Pterophytes

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*Seedless Vascularascular plant
*ex. ferns, horse tails, whisk ferns
*grade not clade
*Vascular tissue
*roots
*leaves: megaphylls

Front 19

Sorus/sori

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cluster of sporangium

Front 20

Xylem

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*Made of Tracheids (tube shaped cells)
*transports water
* cell walls strengthened by lignin

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Phloem

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Distribute sugars, amino acids, organic products

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roots

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absorb water and nutrients from soil

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Leaves

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Increase surface area of plant and serve as area of primary photosynthetic processes

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Microphylls

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*characteristic to lycophytes
*small spine shaped leaves
*single vascular tissue

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megaphylls

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highly branched vascular system

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Sporophylls

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*modified leaves that bear sporangia
*produce sori

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Homosporous

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*one type of sporangium that produces one type of spore
*usually bixesual gamete

Front 28

heterosporous

Back 28

two types of sporangia:
*Megaspores ->f gamete->egg
*microspores-> m gamete-> sperm