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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes up the skeletal system? |
The bones, along with their cartilages, make up the skeletal system. |
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What tissues work together to make up skeleton? |
Bone, Cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, various blood forming tissues, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue. |
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What are the main functions of Bone? |
1. Supports Soft Tissues 2. Protects Soft Tissues 3. Makes Movement Possible 4. Mineral Storage (calcium & phosphorus) 5. Blood Cell Production 6. Energy Storage |
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What is the SHAFT of a long bone called?
What is one end of a long bone called?
What is the area between the shaft and end of a long bone called? |
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphyses
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Where is the epiphyseal plate in growing bones located? |
In the Metaphyses. |
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What does Articular Cartilage do? |
It covers joint surfaces and acts as a friction reducer and shock absorber. It consists of hyaline tissue.
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Medullary Cavity |
The Marrow Cavity of bone. |
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Endosteum is.... |
....the lining of the medullary cavity |
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Periosteum is...... |
.....the tough membrane covering bone but not the cartilage 2 Layers: Fibrous layer = dense irregular ct tissue Osteogenic layer = associated with bone growth in thickness
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What is included in the bone matrix? |
inorganic/mineral salts, calcium carbonate, and collagen fibers
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Mineral salts confer_____________ while collagen fibers give bone its great ___________________. |
1. Hardness 2. Tensile Strength |
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Osteoblasts = Osteoclasts = Osteocytes = |
Osteoblasts = bone building Osteoclasts = break down of bones Osteocytes = mature bone cells |
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Bone is made up of two types of bone..... |
Spongy bone and Compact bone |
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Compact Bone makes up the Shaft of Long bones and the External Layer of ALL bones. |
Compact bone resists stresses produced by weight and movement.
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Compact bone is arranged in units called.... |
Osteons or Haversian systems |
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Osteons are aligned in the same direction along lines of stress. |
Osteon = concentric rings (lamellae). Osteocytes are found in lacunae and communicate through canaliculi. |
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Spongy Bone does not contain____________, instead it consists of _______________. |
Osteons........trabeculae (has no central canal) |
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Spongy bone forms most of the structure of short, flat, and irregular bones, and the epiphyses of long bones. |
Spongy bone tissue is light and supports and protects the red bone marrow. |
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What are the 4 zones of growth in the epiphyseal plate? |
1. zone of resting cartilage (anchors growth plate to epiphysis of bone) 2. zone of proliferation cartilage (rapid cell division of chondrocytes) (stacked coins) 3. zone of hypertonic cartilage (cells enlarged & remain in columns) 4. zone of calcified cartilage |
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What causes the bone growth to end in the epiphyseal plate or the CLOSURE of the epiphyseal plate? |
The production of Estrogen. Growth in length stops by age 25. |
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Growth in Thickness is known as what? |
Appostional Growth |
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What factors affect bone growth and bone remodeling? |
Minerals, Vitamins, Hormones (IGF), and Sex Hormones |
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What does the hormonal abnormality of over secretion of hGH during childhood cause? |
Giantism |
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What is Bone Remodeling? |
The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue is bone remodeling. |
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What is a FRACTURE? |
A fracture is any break in a bone. |
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Why is healing faster in bone than cartilage? |
Cartilage lacks blood vessels whereas bone has plenty. |
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What body systems is Calcium ions involved in? |
-nerve and muscle cell function -blood clotting -enzyme function in many biochemical reactions |
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What are the two principal effects of aging on bone? |
1. loss of calcium and other minerals from the bone matrix (which may result in osteoporosis)
2. decreased rate of protein synthesis = decrease in collagen production; decrease in growth hormone; bone becomes brittle & susceptible to fracture |
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What causes Rickets? What are the results of Rickets? |
Rickets is caused by calcium salts not being deposited properly. Bones of growing children are soft and it results in bowed legs, and skull, rib cage, and pelvic deformities. |
