Chp 5 Anatomy Skeletal System

Front 1

5 functions of skeletal system

Back 1

support
store minerals
blood cell production
protection
leverage/ movement

Front 2

the matrix of bone is primarily composed of two substances (one inorganic and the other organic) List these two substances and their approximate contribution to the weight of the bone

Back 2

-calcium: 2/3

-collagen fibers: 1/3

Front 3

what is the technical term for mature bone cells

Back 3

osteocytes

Front 4

technical term for ell found in the inner or outer surfaces of the bone that lay down the organic component of new bone matrix

Back 4

osteoblasts

Front 5

technical term for cells found in the innermost layer of the periosteum and endosteum, that divide to produce daughter cells that become matrix producing bone cells

Back 5

osteoprogenitor cells

Front 6

technical term or cells derived from the same stem cells as white blood cells that break down bone matrix

Back 6

osteoclasts

Front 7

what is the basic functional unit of mature COMPACT bone

Back 7

osteon

Front 8

within the osteon the bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around what structure

Back 8

central canal

Front 9

what passageway in compact bone tend to run perpendicular to the bone surface and house blood vessels that deliver blood to osteons deeper in the bone and service the medullary cavity

Back 9

perforating canals

Front 10

What do we call the small passageways that connect the lacunae in compact bone to each other and to the central canal

Back 10

canaliculi

Front 11

compact bone is organized in layers. What do we call the layers arranged in circles around each central canal

Back 11

concentric lamellae

Front 12

compact bone is organized in layers. what do we call the layer that fill the spaces between the osteons

Back 12

interstitial lamellae

Front 13

compact bone is organized in layers. what are the layers that form on the external and internal surfaces of the bone

Back 13

circumferential lamellae

Front 14

term is used for the plates or struts in spongy/cancellous bone

Back 14

trabeculae

Front 15

what do we call the central, tubular portion or the shaft of a long bone

Back 15

diaphysis

Front 16

what do we call the ends of a long bone. what might we find in this area

Back 16

epiphyses
-red bone marrow

Front 17

what is the name of the tissue layer that surrounds an individual bone? isolating the bone and contributing to the joint capsule

Back 17

periosteum

Front 18

name for the tissue layer tha houses osteoprogenitor cells and lines the medullary cavity and insides of the central and perforating canals

Back 18

endosteum

Front 19

name the bone formation process that involves bone forming from mesenchyme or fibrous connective tissue and give an example of bone that forms by this process

Back 19

intramembranous ossification
-clavicle, bone of skull

Front 20

what name is given to bones such as the patella, that will form within tendons

Back 20

sesamoid bones

Front 21

name the bone formation process that involves bone replacing an existing cartilage model and given an example of a bone that forms by this process

Back 21

endochondral ossification
-long bone, vertebrae

Front 22

what do we call cartilage that remains as a zone of growth between the shaft and ends of an developing long bones

Back 22

epiphyseal cartilage/ plate

Front 23

what do we call the region where epiphyseal cartilage is located

Back 23

metaphysis

Front 24

what do we call the area of bone that used to be the cartilaginous, growing section of a lone bone

Back 24

epiphyseal line

Front 25

term used for growth in the diameter of a bone

Back 25

appositional growth

Front 26

term for bones that are long slender with distinct ends and a shaft. ex

Back 26

long bones. humerus

Front 27

what class of bones is thin protects underlying structures and offers a lot of surface for muscle attachment. ex

Back 27

flat bones. ilium

Front 28

class of bones is have complex shapes with short flat notched or ridged surfaces. ex

Back 28

irregular bones. vertebrae

Front 29

class of bones is boxlike in appearance. ex

Back 29

short bone. carpals

Front 30

what do we call a large rough projection

Back 30

trochanter

Front 31

what do we call rough projection

Back 31

tuberosity

Front 32

what do we call: a small rounded projection

Back 32

tubercle

Front 33

what do we call a prominent ridge

Back 33

crest

Front 34

what do we call a low ridge

Back 34

line

Front 35

what do we call the expanded articular end of a one often separated by the shaft and the neck

Back 35

head

Front 36

what do we call a smooth rounded articular prominence

Back 36

condyle

Front 37

what do we call a smooth grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

Back 37

trochlea

Front 38

what do we call a small flat articular surface

Back 38

facet

Front 39

what do we call a shallow depression

Back 39

fossa

Front 40

what do we call a rounded passageway for blood vessels and or nerves

Back 40

foramen

Front 41

what do we call an elongated cleft for passageway vessels and or nerves

Back 41

fissure

Front 42

what do we call a passageway through the substance of a bone

Back 42

canal/ meatus