Child Psychology Revision

Front 1

Define child psychology

Back 1

One definition is how early experiences affect later development, another is understanding the development of the child, pre-natally and post-natally.

Front 2

Define attachment

Back 2

An affectional tie that one person forms between himself and another specific one. For example mother and child.

Front 3

Define seperation anxiety

Back 3

This is the distress felt by a person when they are seperated from their monotroic bond partner for example their mother.

Front 4

Define deprivation

Back 4

The removal of the attachment bond.

Front 5

Define privation

Back 5

The state when no attachment was formed.

Front 6

Define child psychology

Back 6

One definition is how early experiences affect later development, another is understanding the development of the child, pre-natally and post-natally.

Front 7

Define attachment

Back 7

An affectional tie that one person forms between himself and another specific one. For example mother and child.

Front 8

Define seperation anxiety

Back 8

This is the distress felt by a person when they are seperated from their monotroic bond partner for example their mother.

Front 9

Define deprivation

Back 9

The removal of the attachment bond.

Front 10

Define privation

Back 10

The state when no attachment was formed.

Front 11

Define daycare

Back 11

The care of a child that is non maternal

Front 12

Describe the evolutionary theory by Bowlby

Back 12

Attachment behaviours increase the chances of the animal surviving and subsequently breeding and ultimately prolonging the existence of the species.Any such behaviours which contribute to the survival of a species are said to have adaptive value.

Front 13

Describe the psychodynamic theory by Bowlby

Back 13

Bowlby emphasised how the quality of the child’s first relationship will affect their own social and emotional development and the quality of their subsequent relationships through life.
This is ‘psychodynamic’ in the sense that early experiences are seen to affect later development
Although Bowlby recognised that a child could have many attachments, he believed that there is a single (mono), predominant relationship – typically with mother
The nature of this primary attachment relationship is crucial for healthy psychological development. Social Releasers: Instinctive, proximity-promoting behaviours from the infant which encourage social interaction with others. Monotropic: This first relationship creates a template or model for all subsequent relationships that the child will form.
maternal deprivation hypothesis: In particular, it will influence the child’s own parenting behaviour.
Maternal deprivation hypothesis:Like Lorenz,Bowlby believed in a critical period within which attachment must occur.
For Bowlby, this was the first 2 years of life. Bowlby argued that if a child experiences privation (does not form an attachment) or deprivation (loses an attachment relationship) during the first two years of life it will have a detrimental effect on their development.

Front 14

Describe the strengths of Bowlby's evolutionary theory

Back 14

Ainsworth’s cross-cultural research (USA and Africa) revealed similar patterns of attachment behaviours in mothers and infants. This supports the idea of instinctive humans behaviours, irrespective of culture. Supported by studies of monkeys separated from their mothers at birth. They display instinctive attachment behaviours (clinging) when distressed (Harlow)
More evidence for instinctive attachment behaviour is the imprinting behaviour of new-born animals. Imprinting is found in many species – new borns seek proximity to the first living creature they see .

Front 15

Describe the weaknesses of Bowlby's evolutionary theory

Back 15

Behaviours in the animal world do not necessarily relate to behaviours in humans. It is difficult to prove whether or not any behaviour is instinctive. Behaviours can be observed, but instincts cannot.