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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Referencing
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Look at parent to determine whether something is okay or not
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Bilingual
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Helps acquisition of both languages - can use 1 to teach the other
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Functionalist Approach
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What is the function of that emotion? What makes something relevant? - A goal in mind, other's behavior, ability/sensation/state of mind
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Strange Situation
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Specific procedure to see how kids respond to strangers - given a secure base, then taken away
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Securely Attached
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Use mom/dad as a secure base, but play
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Avoidantly Attached
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Unresponsive to parent, don't distress
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Resistant Attachment
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Clinging, upset, crying, angry
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Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment
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Confused, dazed, out of it, flat affect - greatest insecurity
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Reactive Attachment Disorder
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Never formed a primary bond with a caring adult - significant issue
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Stages of Attachment
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Pre-attachment (birth-6 wks.), attachment in the making (6 wks.-8 months), clear cut attachment (8-18 months), reciprocal relationship
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John Bowlby
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Issue of attachment critical, survival issue
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Things that impact attachement
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Opportunity, sensitivity of care giver, infant characteristics, family circumstances, parents internal working models
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Emotional Display Rules
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Where, when, how to display emotion - culturally, genderly influenced
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Temperament
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Personality - Chess and thomas- activity level, rhythmicity, regularity of schedule, distractable, approach/withdraw, adapability, atention span, responsiveness, quality of mood, reaction strength
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Emotional Self-Regulation
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Metacognition knowing how you feel, soothe self, what/how much to let out
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Self-Concious Emotions
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Guilt, shame, embarrassment, price, envy, negative - age 3
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Siegler
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More efficient at using strategies, quickly learn which strategies will work to survive, ones that don't, dropped out
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Rehearsal
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Repetition
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Organize
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Organizing to commit to memory
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Mnemonics
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Elaboration
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Rote Memory
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Like phone numbers - not a formula, just have to memorize
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Chunking
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Good for memorizing numbers, poems
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Recognition
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Like a multiple choice test - recognize what is correct
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Recall
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Pull from memory
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Eyewitness Testimony
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Recall gets more less easy to influence - children assume with recognition that they have been given all of the options
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Metacognition
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Thinking about thinking, self-regulation
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Alfred Binet
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First IQ test, Paris, tested memory, judgment, abstraction
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Factor Analysis
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Ask a bunch of questions, statistical analysis, group together
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Gardner
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Multiple intelligences - body kinesthetic (movement), naturalist (outdoors), inter/intrapersonal (relationships)
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IQ Tests
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Group and individual - scores consistent across a lifetime - measure potential and abilitiy - education can maximize range - Standford-Binet (verbal reasoning, abstract visual, reasoning, short term memory, quanitative) - WISC III (For kids, verbal, performance, full scale)
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Flynn Effect
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IQ scores have gone up - result of technology, mandated public education, more known about kids' needs
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Test Bias
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Mexicans being tested in English when primary language was Spanish
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Decreasing test bias
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Relationship with kid, feedback to kid, focus on process not always answer
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Behaviorism
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Parents reinforce sounds, shape behaviors, learning environment, nurture
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Chomsky
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LAD, universal grammar/rules
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Interactionists
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Social part, not as hard wired as LAD, primed for language
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comprehension
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First in semantic development
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Receptive Language
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What is heard, taken in
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Expressive Language
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Production
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Expressive Style
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Social parts of language - hi/bye, thanks
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Referential Style
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Labeling, not many verbs or adjectives
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Joint Attention
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Paying attention to the same object, commenting on it
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Illocutionary Intent
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Knowing what the intent is, figuring it out - subtle
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Referential Communication Skills
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Understanding the needs of your listener
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Speech Registers
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Adapt communication to situation/people/context
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Object Permanence
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Child has a mental representation of something, even if it is not within sight
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Pre-Operational Thought
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Age 2-7 years, kids hold more representation, think more logically, lots of make believe play
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Centration
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Focusing on one dimension or concept (not understanding that a mother can also be someone's sister, etc.)
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Concrete Operational Thoughts
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School aged 7-11 - centration, reversibility, conservation, hierarchial classification, etc.
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Formal Operational Thought
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(11 and up) - abstract concepts, theoretical things, higher level thinking, hypothetico-deductive reasoning, possible vs. reality
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Vogotsky
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Social learning, acts upon child, language drives change in thought, language most important
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private speech
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talking to yourself, not meant to communication
Piaget - egocentrism Vygotsky - guiding self through things |
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Zone of Proximal Development
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There is a time when we get into a place and can do certain things with assistance, but not alone
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Automaticity
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How much effort you have to expend on something
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Piaget
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Studying his own kids; typical development, individual differences, mechanism of change; stage theory
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Constructivist Approach
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Building a body of language, experiencing the world
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Stage Theory
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Children tend to do things earlier than Piaget thought, stages, people can help things along, stages are universal, always in the same order
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Schemas
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A way of making sense of something, organizing it, putting it into categories - changes with age and experiences
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Adaptation
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Information from new experiences in the environment changes a schema
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Assimilation
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Adding new information to an existing schema
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Accomodation
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Completely new idea in a schema, exceptions to the rule
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Environmental Cumulative Deficit Hypothesis
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A view that attributes the age-related decline in IQ among ethnic minority and other children who live in poverty to the cumulative effcts of underprivileged rearing conditions
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Cognitive inhibition
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The ability to control internal and external distracting stimilu, preventing them from capturing attention and cluttering working memory with irrelevant information
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ADHD
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Attention Defecit Hyperactivity Disorder, learning disability, trouble in school, with relationships, scattered thinking
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Overextension
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Word is applied too broadly, to a wider collection of objects and events than is appropriate
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Overregularization
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Application of regular grammatical rules to words that are exceptions
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Recast
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Adult responses that restructure a child's grammatically incorrect speech into correct form
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Kinship studies
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Compare the characteristics of family members
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Convergent Thinking
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Generalization of a single correct answer to a problem, emphasized on intelligence tests
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Divergent Thinking
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The generaion of multiple and unusual possibilities when faced with a task or problem, associated with creativity
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