Child Disorders Test 2

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Socialanxiety lifetime prevalence

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6-12%

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Socialanxiety boys vs girls

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twice as many girls

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Selectivemutism % and onset

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.5%of children –onset 3-4 yrs

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Corefeatures of ptsd

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persistentre experiencing of the traumatic event

persistent avoidance of associatedstimuli and numbing of general responsiveness

persistent symptoms of extremearousal

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Acutestress disorder

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developing3 dissociative symptoms within one month after a traumatic event lastingbetween 2 days and month- occurs in 10-20% of children

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Howmany kids experience a traumatic event by 16

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2/3

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6month prevalence of ptsd for 12-17 y/o is

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3.7for boys, 6.3 for girls

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Ptsdcomorbitidy

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depressionand/or substance abuse, 75%

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Ptsdis more common with events that are

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life threatening

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Psychodynamictheory of ptsd

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conflictsin the unconscious

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Twoprocess theory of ptsd

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developedthrough classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioningchild

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Neurobiologicalfactors

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overactiveBIS, hypersensitive amygdala, GABA-ergic system

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Treatmentfor ptsd

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exposuretherapy, behavior therapy, systematic desensitization, CBT

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Exposuretherapy does

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midifies: distorted info processing, physiological reaction to physical stress, sense oflack of control, Excessive escape and avoidance behavior

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Invivo vs imaginal

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realworld vs vividly imagining

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Dysphoria

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astate of feeling unwell or unhappy

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Anhedonia

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aninability to experience pleasure

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Premenstrualdysphoric disorder

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depressivefeelings in the week prior to menses

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Depression% in young people

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5%in children, 10-20% in adolescents

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Depressivesymptoms in those under 7

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tendsto be diffuse and less easily identifiable

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Depressionin preschoolser

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maybe somber and tearful, lacking the playfulness and enthusiasm, may beexcessively clingy and whiny, fear of separation, irritability

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Depressionin School aged children

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similarto preschoolers but may be disruptive, throw tantrums, and be combative

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Depressionin preteens

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showsimilar symptoms plus self blame and low self esteem, persistent sadness, andsocial inhibition

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MDDprevalence in 4-18

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2-8%

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Lifetimeprevelance of mdd

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10-14%

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Depressioncomorbidity

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90%have another disorder, 50% have two or more. 60% have personality disorders.Most common are anxiety disorders

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MDDonset

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btw 13-15 yo

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Average MDD episode lasts how long

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8 months

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Chanceof recurrence of MDD

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25%within one year. 40% in two. 70% in five

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Howmany people with mdd develop bipolar disorder

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1/3

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MDDgender differences

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noneprior to adolescents, then females are 2-3x more likely

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Predictionof depression in girls

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low birth weight

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Whatis bipolar disorder called in those under 18

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disregulation disorder

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Youngpeople with bipolar disorder exibit

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changesin mood, psychomotor agitation, mental excitation, volatile and erratic,irritability, belligerence, and mixed manic depressive features

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BDlifetime estimates

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.4-2.9%

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BDmale vs female

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menshow more mania

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Mostcommon comorbidities of BD

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GAD,ADHD, ODD, CD

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OCDlifetime prevelance

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1-3%

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OCDcomorbities

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anxietydisorders, depressive disorder, disruptive behavior disorder

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OCdage of onset

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mostcommon 9-12

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ChronicOCD

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2/3 have ocd after2-14 yrs

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Depression.Becks cognitive model/negative triad

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negativeinterpretations of life events b/c depressed people use biased and negativebeliefs as interpretative filters

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Braininvolved in MDD

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amygdala,anterior cingulated, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus

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3major treatments for MDD

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CBT,SSRI’s, interpersonal psychotherapy

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BDgenetic risk

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93%

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Treatmentfor BD

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monitoringsymptoms, education of the patient and family, mood stabilizers,psychotherapeutic interventions

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Adaptivefunctioning

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howeffectively individuals cope with ordinary life demands and how capable theyare of living independently and abiding by community standards

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the flynn effect

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IQ increases 3 points every decade

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MildID IQ

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55-75

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Moderate ID IQ

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40-55

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Sever ID IQ

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25-39

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Profound ID IQ

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under 25

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%of people with ID in mild'

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85%

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MildID

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notidentified till school, overrepresatation in minority group, usuallyenvironmental

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%of ID people with moderate ID

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10%

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ModerateID

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identjifiedin preschool- applies to many with down syndrome, benefit from vocationaltraining

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%of people with ID in severe

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3-4%

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SevereID

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identifiedat a young age- at 13-15 their adaptive abilities are of a 4-6 y/o. Havemobility and other health reklated problems. Need help through their life.

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%of people with ID in profound

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1-2%

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ProfoundID

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identifiedin infancy, learn rudimentary communication skills and need intensive trainingto eat, groom, toilet, and dress themselves

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MildID male vs female

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double in male

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SeverID male to female ratio

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1.5-1

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Developmentalviewpoint of ID

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havesame development path but at a different rate than normal kids(familial causes)

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Differenceviewpoint

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developmentof children with ID is qualitatively different (organic causes)

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Causesof ID

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prenatal(genetics and accidents in the womb), perinatal (prematurity and anoxia), postnatal(meningitis and head trauma

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IQheritability

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50%

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Fragilex syndrome

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mostcommon cause of inherited ID, associated with fragile X mental retardation 1

Causes autism in boys

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Praderwilli and angelman syndrome

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chromosome15 abnormalities

spontaneous birth defect

Prader willi is the paternal gene and chronic hunger often overweight

angelman is maternal genes and have a youthful happy appearance

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PKU

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lack of liver enzyme to metabolize phenylaline (which is important for skin and hair color)

All have ID, 3-7% have sever

have lighter skin and eyes

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ID treatment

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sometimes meds for accompanying problems

behavioral treatment

CBT

Family oriented strategies

and education

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ASD

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autism spectrum disorder

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theory of mind

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knowing that someone else has different thoughts and emotions than themselves

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echolalia

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repetitive speech- can be immediate or delayed

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pronoun reversal

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using he or she instead of I

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repetitive use of objects

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non functional ways of using toys such as droppping and picking up legos

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% of people with autism who have ID

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70%

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Splinter skills, and the %

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25%

Talents and unique competence that is disproportional to how that person functions in other areas of his life

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autism is more likely in boys by how much

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3-4x

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autism heretability

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90%

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brain abnormalities in autism

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atypical brain size. Overgrowth of gray matter.

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ASD %

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1%

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ASD treatment

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intense therapy

minimize problems increase quality of life

low student teacher ratio

family inclusion

peer interaction

psychotropic meds

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delusions

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beleifs which are contrary to reality Very firmly beleive it even if having contradicting info. such as my thoughts are being broadcasted

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hallucinations

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more common in kids

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Schizophrenia comorbidity % and most common

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70% ODD/CD

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Schizophrenia in kids %

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.1%

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Schizophrenia onset in boys vs girls

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boys develop it earlier by 2-4 years

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schizophrenia heritability

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80%

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Schizophrenia treatment

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antipsychotic meds and psychotherapy and social and education support programs

family intervention, social skills training, CBT, educational support

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avolition

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lack of motivation and absense of interest

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aanhedonia

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lack of interest/pleasure in everyday activities

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alogia

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significant reduction in lack of speech

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asociality

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lack of social life, disinterested in people.

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blunted affect

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lack of outward expression

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consummatory anhedonia

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amount of pleasure when you are experiencing pleasure

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anticipatory anhedonia

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how much pleasure you expect to have

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separation anxiety disorder

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worry that a parent will be harmed when away from them

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Seperation anxiety disorder %

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most common childhood anxiety, 10%

more common in girls

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5 types of specific phobia

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natural environmental type- heights, storms etc.

Blood- injection type

Animal type

Situational type (flying, being in an elevator)

other type (fear of falling down, fear of loud sounds)

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disorganized speech

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answer a question with something that has nothing to do with it.

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disorganized behavior

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doing something that has nothing to do with whats happening. Like putting on several layers when it's hot out.