Chemistry Unit 3

Front 1

Define Proton (location, charge, mass)

Back 1

located in the nucleas

has a charge of +1

~1 amu

Hint 1

Pro is positive

Front 2

Define Neutron (location, charge, mass)

Back 2

located in the nucleas

has a charge of 0

~1 amu

Hint 2

Neutron is neutral

Front 3

Define Electron (location, charge, mass)

Back 3

located in electron cloud

has a charge of -1

~0 amu

Hint 3

electrON

on backwards is NO

for no mass

Front 4

Define Fission

Back 4

The process of splitting atoms

Hint 4

Fusion combines atoms...

Front 5

Define Mass Number

Back 5

not on periodic table, whole number, number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Hint 5

N+P

Front 6

Define Atomic Mass

Back 6

weighted average of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of that atom

Hint 6

Atomic

Average

Front 7

Define Atomic Number

Back 7

# of protons

Hint 7

Which subatomic particle is on the periodic table?

Front 8

Define Isotope

Back 8

elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Hint 8

ISotoPe

Same Protons but different...

Front 9

Describe Nonionizing Radiation

Back 9

low energy, atoms vibrate, excessive exposure can be dangerous

Hint 9

What type of energy? What do the atoms do? Effects of excessive exposure can be...?

Front 10

Describe Ionizing Radation

Back 10

energy, alpha-beta-gamma radiation, can ionize molecules, makes them highly reactive, dangerous to living cells/tissue

Hint 10

What type of energy? What do the atoms do? Effects of excessive exposure can be...?

Front 11

Define Radioactive Decay

Back 11

the spontaneous breakdown of an atomic nucleus resulting in the release of energy and matter from the nucleus

Hint 11

Radioactive

Release energy

Front 12

Define Alpha Decay (what changes? what causes? what is overcome?)

Back 12

caused when z>82, electromagnetic force overcomes strong force

the ID, Mass, and stability changes

Hint 12

Alpha Decay

Alpha = Strong

Strong force is overcome by....

Front 13

Define Beta Decay (what changes? what causes? what is overcome?)

Back 13

Turns a neutron into a proton by spitting out a Beta particle, caused when n:p ratio is too high, overcomes weak interaction, stability and ID changes

Hint 13

If alpha includes strong force,

then beta decay overcomes weak interaction

Front 14

Define Gamma Decay

Back 14

Energy

Hint 14

Gamma ray = radiation = energy

Front 15

Define Half-life

Back 15

time required for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by one half

Hint 15

10 -> 5 -> 2.5 -> etc.

Front 16

What did Aristotle believe? What did he deny? How long was he unchallenged?

Back 16

Believed that matter is made of Earth, Fire, Wind, and Water. Denied existence of atoms. Believed that empty space didn’t exist. He was unchallenged for nearly 2,000 years

Hint 16

Aristotle -> Chipotle -> Chipotle has tacos which have lettuce which means Earth -> 4 Elements

Front 17

What did Dalton propose? What does this theory say?

Back 17

Proposed Atomic Theory:

all matter is made of atoms.

Hint 17

Dalton

Atomic

Front 18

What model did Thompson create? What did he discover? What did he determine?

Back 18

Plum Pudding model. Discovered atom is a uniform, positively charged sphere containing electrons. Determined the ratio of the mass of an electron to its electric charge.

Hint 18

Thompson

Thumpson

Plumpson

Front 19

What did Democritus propose? Who was he unsupported by?

Back 19

Proposed that all atoms are small, hard, indivisible and indestructible particles made of a single material.

Unsupported by Aristotle.

Hint 19

Democritus? It's a Democrisus people didn't believe his atom theory.

S H I I

Front 20

What experiment did Millikan complete? What did this determine?

Back 20

Oil drop experiment. Determined charge of electron.

Hint 20

Millikan

Milkan

Milk doesn't mix well with oil

Front 21

What was Rutherford's experiment? What did it determine?

Back 21

Gold Foil experiment which determined the properties of the nucleus, including charge, relative size, density.

Hint 21

Rutherford

Rutherfold

Ruthergold

Front 22

What did Bohr create?

Back 22

Created most accurate atomic model, it included electrons and neutrons.

Hint 22

Bohr is accurate

Front 23

What did Schrodinger create?

Back 23

electron cloud model

Hint 23

Electron _____ _______

Front 24

What do the A, Z and X represent in isotope notation?

Back 24

A is the mass #

Z is the atomic number

X is the element sumbol

Hint 24

X in the center, Z in the bottom corner, A in the top corner

Front 25

How do you calculate average atomic mass?

Back 25

(mass of isotope x relative abundance) + (mass of isotope x relative abundance)

Hint 25

Move the decimal over 2 times for the percentage, or relative abundance

Front 26

Define Strong Nuclear Force

Back 26

Holds nucleus together

Hint 26

Strong things hold ___ together

Front 27

Define Electromagnetic Force

Back 27

Opposite forces attract, like forces repl

Hint 27

Two of the same magnets do not attract

Front 28

Define Weak Nuclear Force

Back 28

Hold neutron together

Hint 28

Strong force can hold the nucleus, weak force can only hold a part of the nucleus, the _________.

Front 29

Define the Belt of Stability

Back 29

The region where all stable nuclei fall when plotting the number of neutrons vs the number of protons.

Hint 29

n/p ratio

Front 30

What do z 1-20 prefer? What decay is involved?

Back 30

prefer 1:1 n/p ratio

beta decay

Hint 30

Stable

Front 31

What do z 21-82 prefer? What decay is involved?

Back 31

prefer 1.5:1 n/p ratio

beta decay

Hint 31

Little more than 1:1

Front 32

Z >82 are ______. What decay is involved?

Back 32

unstable

alpha decay

Hint 32

If the others involve beta decay...

Front 33

How do you determine the n/p ratio?

Back 33

Take the mass # and subtracting the amount of protons to get the number of neutrons.

Hint 33

How do you find the # of neutrons?

Front 34

What is the equation for alpha decay?

Back 34

Helium in the middle with 4 in the upper left and 2 in the bottom left.

Hint 34

Where are the numbers located?

Front 35

What is the equation for beta decay?

Back 35

An e in the center with a negative 1 charge.

Hint 35

Where are the numbers located?

Front 36

What is the formula for half life?

Back 36

N=No(1/2)^t/T

Hint 36

You should know this :D

Front 37

What does the N, No and n stand for in the half life formula?

Back 37

N: amount remaining

No: initial amount

n: number of half lives that have passed

Hint 37

No

OrigiNal

or

Initial

Front 38

What does the t and T stand for in the half life formula?

Back 38

t: time elapsed

T: duration of half life

Hint 38

Upside down T is the perp. line symbol, which creates two 90 degree angles, and cuts a 180 degree angle in HALF

Front 39

Fission in detail

Back 39

Splitting of a large unstable nucleus to produce smaller pieces of protons and neutrons

Releases energy

All byproducts are radioactive

Hint 39

________ of a large, unstable _____ to produce smaller pices of ____ and ______

releases ______

all byproducts are _______

Front 40

Fusion in detail

Back 40

Joining of two smaller nuclei to create a large nucleus

Releases lots of energy

Byproduct is helium

Hint 40

_______ of two smaller _____ to create a large ______

Releases lots of ______

Byproduct is _____

Front 41

Which is more desirable, fission or fusion?

Back 41

Fusion because unlike fission, fusion produces no radioactive byproduct and only produces helium.

Hint 41

What does each produce as a byproduct?

Front 42

Why is the Bohr model better than the plum pudding model?

Back 42

The Bohr model is more accurate

Hint 42

Which is more accurate?

Front 43

Who determined the charge of the electron? In which experiment?

Back 43

Millikan in the Oil Drop experiment

Hint 43

Milk

Front 44

How many p+ and n are in the Na-23?

Back 44

11p+ and 12n

Hint 44

Periodic table

Front 45

Where on the periodic table are the protons located?

Back 45

Top left

Hint 45

They are a whole number

Front 46

Where are protons located?

Back 46

The nucleus

Hint 46

You should know this :D

Front 47

Where are neutrons located?

Back 47

The nucleus

Hint 47

You should know this :D

Front 48

Where are electrons located?

Back 48

The electron cloud

Hint 48

You should know this :D

Front 49

How many sig figs in 800?

Back 49

One

Hint 49

800

Front 50

What button on the calculator do you use when completing half-life problems?

Back 50

Natural Log

Hint 50

______ Log

Front 51

What unit is used for atomic mass?

Back 51

amu

Hint 51

atomic mass unit

Front 52

How many sig figs are in 3.45?

Back 52

3

Hint 52

You should know this :D

Front 53

How many sig figs are in 5.0?

Back 53

2

Hint 53

You should know this :D

Front 54

How often do you use sig figs?

Back 54

ALWAYS

Hint 54

You should know this :D

Front 55

The following changes when alpha decay occurs: a) element identity b) stability c) mass d) All of the above

Back 55

D

Hint 55

Proton # changes

Front 56

Which of the four forces is overcome when decay does not occur?

Back 56

Electromagnetic

Hint 56

ElectrNO

Front 57

Alpha and beta decay emits _____________ while gamma decay releases ____________

Back 57

Particles: Energy

Hint 57

Energy: Particles

OR
Particles: Energy?