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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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characteristic property
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properties of matter that hold true, no matter the size/shape (etc) of the sample
examples include: density, hardness, boiling point, melting point, chemical reactions, color, freezing point, texture, flammability |
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boiling point
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the temperature at which a liquid boils
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melting point
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the temperature at which a solid melts. If a solid melts at zero degrees Celsius, it is made of water.
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molecule
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a particle made of two or more atoms bonded together
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chemical bond
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the force that holds atoms together
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chemical activity
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the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
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reactant
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the substances that enter a chemical reaction
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product
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the materials that are left when a chemical reaction is complete
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pure substance
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made of only one kind of substance. has definite properties
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element
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pure substances that cannot be broken down by any physical or chemical means
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compound
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a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined and create something different
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weight
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the measure of the force of gravity on an object
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mass
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the measurement of how much matter an object contains
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volume
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the amount of space that matter occupies
volume = length x width x height |
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density
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relates the mass and volume of a substance
density = mass/ volume density = grams/ ml or cubic cm density is a physical property, and so it can be used to help identify substances |
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International System of Units
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to measure he properties of matter scientists use
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atom
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an extremely small particle of an element
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molecule
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a group of atoms joined together that act as a single unit
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chemical bond
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the force that holds two atoms together
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ore
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any rock that contains a metal or other economically useful material
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electrode
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metal strips placed in a compound solution attached to a wire. they are used in electrolysis, and conduct electricity. electrodes are the "+" and "-" signs on a battery.
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electrolysis
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the last step involved in obtaining copper from its ores. term means "electric cutting".
basically separating metal using electricity |
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solid
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state of matter that has a definite volume and shape
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liquid
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state of matter that has no definite shape, but has definite volume.
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crystalline solid
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A solid composed of crystals - its particles form a repeating pattern. have distinct melting points.
example - salt, sugar, snow |
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amorphous solid
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A solid with particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern. Do not have distinct melting points - instead becomes softer and softer as its temperature rises.
example - rubber, plastic, glass |
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fluid
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a substance that flows.
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viscosity
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the resistance of a liquid to flowing
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gas
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a state of matter with no definite shape or volume. its particles spread apart, filling all the space of its container.
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temperature
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the measure of the average energy of motion of a substance
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pressure
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= force divided by area. Measured in units of kilopascals, or kPa.
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Boyle's Law
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the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. The graph forms an upward curve left to right, meaning it varies inversely.
When pressure increases at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas decreases. When the pressure is decreased, the volume increases. |
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Charles' Law
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the relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas. The graph forms a straight line sloping upward from left to right, meaning it is directly proportional.
When the temperature of a gas is increased at constant pressure, its volume increases. When the temperature is decreased at constant pressure, the volume of the gas goes down. |
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thermal energy
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every substance of energy has moving particles. the motion of these particles makes thermal energy. Higher the temperature, higher the thermal energy (the more charged with energy the particles are - they move around more 7 faster!)
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chemical energy
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a form of energy that comes from the chemical bonds within matter. an example of chemical energy is that an unlit match contains chemical energy. once it is lit, the energy changes to light energy and thermal energy.
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law of conservation of energy
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energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be lost.
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melting
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a change in state from a solid to a liquid
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freezing
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a change in state from a liquid to a solid
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evaporation
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a form of vaporization that takes place only on the surface of liquids. energy from the ground, are, and sun enables the molecules to escape into the air.
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vaporization
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a change in state from a liquid to a gas
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boiling
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a form of vaporization that takes place both on the inside and on the surface surface of liquids. Liquids have specific boiling points
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condensation
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a change in state from a gas to a liquid. Gases lose thermal energy and cool to become liquids.
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sublimation
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a change in state from a solid to a gas, but the particles do not pass through the liquid state at all!
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solution
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a well mixed mixture
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chemical change
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a change in matter that forms one or more new substances. They remain the same elements, but are arranged in different combinations. Occur in elements and in compounds.
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mixture
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consists of two or more pure substances -elements, compounds, or both- that are in the same place but aren't chemically combined
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compound
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a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined
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element
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a pure chemical substance consisting of a single type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its atomic nucleus.
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conservation of mass
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