Chemical Building Blocks Chapter.1 Sec.1

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MATTER

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Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

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Chemistry

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Chemistry is thestudy of the properties of matter and how matter changes.

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Substance

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a substance is a single kind of matterthat is pure, meaning it always has a specific makeup—or composition—anda specific set of properties.

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chemical property

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A chemical property is acharacteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability tochange into different substances.

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physical property

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A physical property is acharacteristic of a pure substance that can be observed withoutchanging it into another substance.

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Element

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an element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by chmical or physical means

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phyical property

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A physical property is any property that is measurable whose value describes a state of a physical system. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe its transformations or evolutions between its momentary states. Physical properties are often referred to as observables.

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chemical property

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a property or characteristic of a substance that isobserved during a reaction in which the chemical composition oridentity of the substance is changed

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chemical bond

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m a chemical bond, which is a force of attractionbetween two atoms.

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molecule

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—groups oftwo or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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atom

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the smallest component of an element having the chemicalproperties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containingcombinations of neutrons and protons and one or more electronsbound to the nucleus by electrical attraction; the number ofprotons determines the identity of the element.

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compound

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a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements;

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chemical formula

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which shows the elements in the compoundand the ratio of atoms.

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mixture

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A mixture is made of two or more substances—elements, compounds, or both—that are together in the sameplace but are not chemically combined.

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• heterogeneous mixture

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In a heterogeneous mixture (het ur uh JEEnee us), you can see the different parts.

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homogeneous mixture

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The substances in ahomogeneous mixture (hoh moh JEE nee us),are so evenly mixed that you can’t see the differentparts.

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sulotion

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Asolution is an example of a homogeneous mixture.

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wieght

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the force of gravity onyou.

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mass

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anything that takes up space has mass

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• International System of Units

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is the modern form of the metric system, and is the most widely used system of measurement.

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volume

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the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container, especially when great.

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density

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Density is a characteristic property of a substance. The density of a substance is the relationship between the mass of the substance and how much space it takes up (volume). The mass of atoms, their size, and how they are arranged determine the density of a substance.

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physical change

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A physical change is any change NOT involving a change in the substance's chemical identity. Here are some examples: (1) any phase change. Moving between solid, liquid and gas involves only the amount of energy in the sample (this amount is the subject of future lessons).

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chemical change

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Chemical change is any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances. At the molecular level, chemical change involves making or breaking of bonds between atoms. These changes are chemical: iron rusting (iron oxide forms) gasoline burning (water vapor and carbon dioxide form)

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law of conservation of mass

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energy

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n physics, energy is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms, but cannot be created or destroyed.

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tempurture

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thermal energy

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Thermal energy is the energy that comes from heat. This heat is generated by the movement of tiny particles within an object. The faster these particles move, the more heat is generated.

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endothermic change

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exothermic change

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An exothermic reaction is a chemical or physical reaction that releases heat. It gives net energy to its surroundings. That is, the energy needed to initiate the reaction is less than the energy that is subsequently released.

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kinetic energy

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Kinetic energy is the energy of matter in motion.

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potential energy

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Potential energy is theenergy an object has because of its position.

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chemical energy

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When a chemical changeoccurs, these bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. Ifthe change is exothermic, some of the chemical energy is transformedand released in a variety of other forms.

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eletromagnetic energy

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Visible light is one example of electromagnetic energy, a form of energy that travels through space as waves.

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eletric energy

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Electrical energy is the energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another.

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electrode

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In electrolysis, two metal stripscalled electrodes are placed in a solution,but the electrodes do not touch.