Chemical Building Blocks (Ch 1)

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Word

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Definition

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Matter

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Everything around you. Atoms and molecules are all composed of it. It is anything that has mass and takes up space. If you are new to the idea of mass, it is the amount of stuff in an object (Solid, Liquid, and Gas)

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Chemistry

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A branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter.

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Substance

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A particular kind of matter with uniform properties.

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Physical Property

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A type of property which is any property that is measurable whose value describes a state of a physical system. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe its transformations or evolutions between its momentary states. Physical properties are often referred to as observables.

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Chemical Property

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A type of property that is any of a material's properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity

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Element

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one of a class of substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. See also chart under periodic table.

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Atom

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the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and protons and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical attraction; the number of protons determines the identity of the element.an atom with one of the electrons replaced by some other particle

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Chemical Bond

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something that binds a person or persons to a certain circumstance or line of behavior

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Molecule

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the smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. They are made up of atom s that are held together by chemical bonds. These bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of electron s among atoms.

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Compound

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a molecule made of atoms from different elements. All of them are molecules, but not all molecules are them. Hydrogen gas (H2) is a molecule, but not it because it is made of only one element.

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Chemical Formula

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a way of expressing information about the proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, using a single line of chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.

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Mixture

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a material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically. It refers to the physical combination of two or more substances on which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions, and colloids.

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Heterogeneous Mixture

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a mixture that composes of components that aren't uniform or they have localized regions that all have different properties. Despite the term appearing to be highly scientific, there are various common substances that are them.

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Homogeneous Mixture

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simply any mixture that is uniform in composition throughout.

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Solution

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a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent.

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Weight

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a body's relative mass or the quantity of matter contained by it, giving rise to a downward force; the heaviness of a person or thing.

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Mass

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a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.

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International System of Units

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a system of physical units based on the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole, together with a set of prefixes to indicate multiplication or division by a power of ten.

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Volume

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the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container, especially when great.

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Density

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the degree of compactness of a substance.

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Physical Change

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Any change that occurs without altering the chemical composition of a substance is a physical change. Physical changes can include changing the color, shape, state of matter, or volume of a substance.

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Chemical Change

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any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances. At the molecular level, chemical change involves making or breaking of bonds between atoms. These changes are chemical: iron rusting

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Law of Conservation of Mass

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the atoms of an object cannot be created or destroyed, but can be moved around and be changed into different particles.

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Energy

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The strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity. Or, the power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.

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Temperature

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the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch.

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Thermal Energy

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the internal energy of an object due to the kineticenergy of its atoms and/or molecules. The atoms and/or molecules of a hotter object have greater kinetic energy than those of a colder one, in the form of vibrational, rotational, or, in the case of a gas, translational motion.

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Endothermic Change

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a chemical reaction that is accompanied by the absorption of heat, or an organism that generates heat to maintain its temperature. A chemical reaction that works only if heat is absorbed is an example of a reaction that would be described as endothermic.

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Exothermic Change

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a process or chemical reaction characterized by or causing the liberation or release of heat. Combustion where heat is released is an example of an exothermic reaction.

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Kinetic Energy

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Energy in motion

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Potential Energy

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Stored Energy because of its position

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Chemical Energy

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Energy produced when chemicals are combined

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Electromagnetic Energy

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Form of energy that can travel through space

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Electrical Energy

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Energy electrically charged particles