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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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solvation (dissolution)
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clustering of solvent molecule around a solute particle
when water is solvent, it is called hydration |
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miscible
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capable of mixing in all propotion
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mole fraction
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X=mole of component/total moles of all components
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sum of mole fraction in sys
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is 1
Xwater +Xglyceral =1 |
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molality (m)
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mole of solute/kilogram of solvent
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liter of water =
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1kg of water
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Molarity (M)
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mole of solute/liters of solution
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Normality
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#of equalvalent of solute per liter of solution
for 2M of H3PO4 N= 2M*3N/M = 6N |
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dilution
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MiVi =MfVf
#mole does not change, volume of solution and concentration change |
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dilute
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solute <solvent
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concentration
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solute>solvent
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colligative property
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depends on the number of dissoved particle in the solution but not on their chemical identity of nature
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vapor pressure depression
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Psoln =Xsolvent*Psolvent
if solute A is added to a pure solvent B the vapor pressure above the solvent decrease, the more particle dissolve in a solvent, lower the vapor pressure does not matter what you addif it dec mole fraction of solvent it will depress the V.P |
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Freesig point depression
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dTf=Kfm
Kf=1.86C/m for H2O m=molality adding solute also lower freezing pint b/c solute molecule interrupt the rodered crytal structure of the solid phase |
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boiling point of elevation
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dTb = Kbm
Kb=constant temp at which vapor pressure exceeds ambient pressure adding solute lowers the vapor pressure higher temp is needed to raise the vapor pressure cause the solution to boil. |
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# of particle inc =
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vapor pressure dec =low temp
thus high temp is needed to raise vapor pressure |
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Osmotic pressure
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=MRT
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