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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Standard Deviation |
sigma = (Sum (xi-xave)^2 / (n-1))^1/2 sigfig to 1st significant number |
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% Error |
= (Measured - True)/True |
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Precision v. Accuracy |
Precision: closeness a set of measurements are to each other. Accuracy: closeness of measurements to the true value. |
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Types of Errors |
Systematic Random Personal |
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Systematic Errors |
Causes error in same direction in each measurement and diminishes accuracy. i.e. miscalibrated scale |
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Random Errors |
Random error inherent in any measurement |
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Personal Error |
Personal blunder due to carelessness or misreading of scale. |
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Element |
Smallest component of matter that cannot be further broken down into subsidiary components |
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Compound |
2 or more elements chemically bonded creating a substance that is different from the component elements |
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Mixture |
2 or more substances that are physically mixed together. |
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Homogenous v. Hetergeneous Mixtures |
Homogenous: mixture that is uniform throughout Hetergeneous: mixture that is not uniform throughout |
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Compound v. Mixture |
Compounds are chemically bonded and have fixed proportions of component atoms. Mixtures are physically mixed and don't have fixed proportions |
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Isotope |
Atoms of the same element but with different atomic weights due to a different number of neutrons. |
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Ions |
Atoms of the same element but with different number of electrons |
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Relationship of speed of light, wavelength and frequency |
c=lambda X freq c=2.998X10^8m/s |
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Energy of a Photon |
E = h X freq h: Plank's constant = 6.626 X 10^-34 Js |
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Rydberg Equation |
1/lambda = R (1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2) R: Rydberg constant = 1.0974 X 10^7 m^-1 |
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Electron Configuration Exceptions |
Cr, Mo (half filled d) Ru, Rh Pd, Cu, Ag (full d) |
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Experiment 1 Details |
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures FeS, Fe, S, Fe + S Physical properties: density, boil, melt, magnetism Chemical properties: rxn w/ HCl - evidence: odor, bubbling H2 and H2S gases |
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Experiment 2 Details |
Line spectra: H, He, N, Ne, Ar and CO2 Flame Test: K, Na, Ba, Ca, Li, Sr chlorides |
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Experiment 2 Flame Test Colors |
KCl: purple flame NaCl: yellow/orange flame BaCl2: green flame CaCl2: orange flame LiCl: red flame SrCl2: red flame |
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Ionic Bonds |
Bond between a metal and nonmetal w/ txfr of electron. Electrostatic forces hold bond together |
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Covalent Bond |
Bond between nonmetals w/ electron sharing Held together by electrostatic forces. |
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Ionic Compound Properties |
Hard and rigid but brittle Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in H2O High melt temps |
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Covalent Compound Properties |
Soft Low melting temps Do not conduct electricity |
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Binary Compounds Type I, Type II, Type III |
Type I: ionic (metal + anion -ide) Type II: transition ionic (metal (chrg) + anion -ide) Type III: covalent (#atom + #atom -ide) |
