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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of matter?
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anything that has mass and occupies space
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Define mass.
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quantity of matter in a sample
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True or false:
All bodies consist matter. |
True
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Define energy.
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capacity to do work or transfer heat
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List 4 types of energy.
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mechanical, light, electrical, heat
WTR: HELM |
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True or False:
Potential energy and Rotational energy are the two classifications of energy. |
False, the two classifications are potential energy and kinetic energy
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Define and give an example of kinetic energy,
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capacity for doing work directly
ex. rolling basketball |
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True or false:
Kinetic energy transfers easily between objects. |
True
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Define potential energy and give two examples.
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energy that an object possesses due to its position, condition, or composition.
ex. coal (chemical energy), boulder at top of hill (position) |
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Define exothermic.
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when energy is released
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Define endothermic and give an example.
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energy being absorbed.
ex. melting ice |
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Define law of conservation of mass (LOCOM) and give and example.
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when there is no observable change in the quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or physical change
ex. magnesium +oxygen= magnesium oxide |
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LOCOM is a ________?
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scientific law
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During endothermic reactions, what are light, heat, and electrical energy converted into?
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chemical energy
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What is the law of conservation of energy (LCE)?
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It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction or physical change, but only converted from one form to another
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True or False:
Heat energy can be transformed into electrical energy |
True
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What occurs during nuclear reactions?
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matter is transformed into energy
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What is the law of conservation of matter and energy (LCME)?
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the combined amount of matter and energy in the world is fixed
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What does the equation E=mc² relate too?
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LCME
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Name the parts of E=mc².
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E=energy
m=mass c=light |
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What is matter made up of?
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100 elements
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What are the building blocks of matter?
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atoms and molecules
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what determines the behavior of certain types of matter?
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its atoms and molecules
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List the statutes of Dalton's atomic theory.
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1) element made of atoms
2) all atoms of a given element have identical prop that differ from those of other elements 3) atoms cannot be made, destroyed or transformed 4) compounds= atoms of diff elements combine 5) number and kind of atoms in a compound constant |
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Name the parts of E=mc².
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E=energy
m=mass c=light |
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What is matter made up of?
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100 elements
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What are the building blocks of matter?
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atoms and molecules
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what determines the behavior of certain types of matter?
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its atoms and molecules
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List the statutes of Dalton's atomic theory.
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1) elements made of atoms
2) all atoms of a given element have identical props that differ from those of other elements 3) atoms cannot be made, destroyed or transformed 4) compounds= atoms of diff elements combine 5) number and kind of atoms in a compound constant |
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Define atom.
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smallest particle of an element that can maintain its chemical identity during physical and chemical changes
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What are atoms composed of?
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Protons, electrons, and nuetrons
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True or False:
Protons and electrons have the same mass? |
False, protons and neutrons have the same mass, electrons are much smaller in mass
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Why is an atom electrically neutral?
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it has the same number of protons and electrons
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What does the atomic number tell you, and where is it located?
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Number of protons in an element and its located at the top middle of the card.
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How is the periodic table of elements organized?
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by order of atomic number
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Define molecule.
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smallest particle of an element or compound that can have a stable ind. existence
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True or False:
In most molecules two or more atoms are bonded together. |
True
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Why is oxygen a diatomic atom?
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single oxygen atoms are not stable at room temperature
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List 5 examples of diatomic molecules.
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oxygen, iodine, hyrdogen, bromine, chorine
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What are the 3 states of matter?
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solid, liquid, gas
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True of False:
In liquid state, the molecules or matter are organized. |
False,
they are randomly oriented |
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Why are liquids hard to compress?
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there molecules are close together
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What is the most dense state of matter?
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gas
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Why is gas so easy to compress?
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the particles are far apart
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Define chemical properties and give an example.
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changes in composition
ex. oxygen can combine with magnesium, vice versa |
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True or False:
A change in a substances chemical properties is needed to see changes in its physical properties. |
FALSE, no chemical prop change is needed
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List 5 examples of physical properties.
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melting point, density, color, hardness, electrical/thermal props
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True or False:
Some physical props of a substance depend on conditions. |
True, ex. water (ice, liquid, steam)
COMPOSITION IS STILL THE SAME |
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Define extensive properties.
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properties that depend on the AMOUNT of substance examined
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Give two examples of intensive properties.
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color and melting point
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True or False:
All chemical properties are intensive properties. |
TRUE
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True or False:
No two different substances have the same chemical or physical properties under the same conditions. |
TRUE
WTR: no twins in the world of chemistry |
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What happens in a chemical change?
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1) one or more substances are used up
2) 1 or more new substances are formed 3) energy is absorbed or released WTR: UNAR |
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True or False:
Physical changes occur with no change in chemical composition |
True
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What does a physical change signal?
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That a chemical change may have occured, i.e a solution turns red after being mixed with something else
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What is released and absorbed when chemical and physical changes occur?
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energy
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Give an example of when energy is absorbed during a chem/phys change and when it is released.
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1) absorbtion- ice melting, water boiling
2) release- water freezing to ice |
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Define mixture:
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combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains is own composition and properties
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What are the two types of mixtures?
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homogeneous and heterogeneous
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True or False:
Most things we encounter on a daily basis are solutions. |
False, they are mixtures
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What is the most common type of mixture?
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heterogeneous
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List 3 examples of a heterogeneous mixture.
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-steak (fat, bone, meat)
-salt and charcoal |
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Define homogeneous mixture.
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mixture that is uniform throughout
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Define substance.
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-something that cant be purified anymore by physical means
-own distinctive properties (no 2 subs the same) |
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True or False:
Hydrogen and oxygen are examples of substances. |
True
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Define compound.
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substance that can be broken down into a simpler substances always by same ratio by mass
ex. water |
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Define element.
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substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means (FINAL FRONTIER)
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What does the law of definite proportions state (LDP)?
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different samples of any pure compounds contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass
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What do we use to represent elements?
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symbols
ex. N for nitrogen |
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How many naturally occuring elements are there?
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88
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What makes up half of the earth crust?
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oxygen
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True or False:
Silicon makes up half of the mass of the earth's crusts, oceans, and atmosphere. |
False, 1/4
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