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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemistry |
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of the energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes a change. |
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Matter |
Anything that occupies space and has mass |
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What are the two types of matter? |
Pure substances and mixtures |
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Mass |
Defines the quantity of matter in an object |
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Energy |
The capacity to do work |
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Element |
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical or physical processes. |
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Physical process |
A transformation of a sample of matter, such as a change in physical state, that does not alter the chemical identity of any substance in the sample |
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What's a pure substance? (2) |
It has the same physical and chemical properties throughout, no matter where you get it. Cannot be separated into simpler substances by a physical process. |
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Chemical formula (3) |
Notation for representing elements and compounds Consists element's notation and subscripts identifying the number of atoms of each element in one molecule Provide information about ratios of the elements in molecular compounds but not how they are bonded Water is H2O |
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Mixture (2) |
Can be separated by physical processes Combination of 2 or more pure substances |
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Compound (2) |
Pure substance composed of two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportions. |
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Homogenous/Solution |
Components are distributed uniformly throughout the sample and have no visible boundaries or regions Think pouring ice tea powder into water and it fully dissipates |
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Give an example of a compound and a mixture |
Compound: gold, water, anything that needs chemical processes to change Mixture: salad dressing, vinegar, anything you can separate by physical means |
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Atom |
The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of that element When counting, count the individual number of element atoms use O2 is 2 oxygen atoms |
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Heterogeneous |
Components are not distributed uniformly and may have distinct regions of different compositions |
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Molecule |
An assembly of 2 or more atoms that are held together in a unique pattern by chemical bonds. Count the number of composed molecules, not individual number of elements. O2 is one molecule |
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Chemical Equation (2) |
Used to express the identities of substances involved in a reaction Use coefficients to indicate quantities of substances involved in reaction. Coefficients being a number in front of element's notation |
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Law of Constant Composition |
All samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions, always. |
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Compounds |
Can be composed of cations or anions |
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Cation |
Positively charged ions Like Calcium or Sodium |
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Anion |
Negatively charged ions Like Chloride and Hydroxide |
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To communicate info about bondage, shape, and arrangements of atoms can be represented in 3 ways:... |
Structural formulae Ball and stick model Space filling model |
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Name the means of physical separation of mixtures (no need to define them) (4) |
Centrifugation Electrophoresis Filtration Distillation |
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Centrifugation |
A process for separating particles by applying a centripetal force to allow sedimentation of a heterogeneous mixture They form in layers with heaviest particles on the bottom and lightest on the top |
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Electrophoresis |
A process for separating molecules based on their charge and size |
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Filtration |
A process for separating particles from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles Like an engine's filter is filtration |
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Distillation |
A separation technique where the most volatile components of a mixture are vaporized and then condensed, separating them from less volatile components Volatile components are easily vaporized and unstable |
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Intensive property |
A property that is independent of the amount of substance present Examples include colour and melting point |
