Chem 102 Test 2

Front 1

Aqueous Solution

Back 1

Acids and Bases in Water

Front 2

Homogeneous Solutions

Back 2

can't see parts

Front 3

ACID

Back 3

Proton H+ Donor

Front 4

BASE

Back 4

Proton H+ Acceptor

Front 5

Strong Acid

Back 5

In water ionizes to 100%

Front 6

Weak Acid

Back 6

in water ionizes to less than 100%

Front 7

Acetic Acid

Back 7

about 4 or 5%

Front 8

Di and Tri Protic Acids

Back 8

weak acids

Front 9

Common Ion Effect

Back 9

System at Equilibrium is stressed with an ion that is common to the substance being ionized

Front 10

Buffer

Back 10

mix of a weak acid and the salt of a weak acid. Reduces stress of addition of acid or base to solution

Front 11

pKa

Back 11

must be within +/- ONE unit of the pH of the solution

Front 12

Titration

Back 12

Take volume of acid & add volumes of base until endpoint

Front 13

Phenalthaline

Back 13

turning pink indicates neutralization point

Front 14

Chemical Thermodynamics

Back 14

You can convert energy from one for to another, but it cannot be destroyed

Front 15

Spontaneous Process

Back 15

Happens without any outside help

Front 16

Non-Spontaneous

Back 16

Doesn't happen by itself
(ex: picking a ball up)

Front 17

Reversible

Back 17

can go back under the same conditions

Front 18

Irreversible

Back 18

cannot go back

Front 19

Ice-O-Thermal

Back 19

Happens at a constant temperature

Front 20

Entropy

Back 20

-measures the disorder of a system
-"S"
-2nd law of thermodynamics

Front 21

System

Back 21

Any part of the universe that you describe as being part of the system

Front 22

Surroundings

Back 22

Everything outside of the system

Front 23

Fusion

Back 23

Process where something melts

Front 24

3 conditions for determining sign of delta S

Back 24

Temperature
Volume
# of Particles

Front 25

If the gases are formed from gasses or liquids,

Back 25

the values are POSITIVE

Front 26

If a liquid or solution is formed from a solid,

Back 26

there is a greater DISORDER

Front 27

If the # of gas molecules increases in a reaction,

Back 27

there is a greater DISORDER

Front 28

Pure crystalline substance at 0 degrees has an entropy value of

Back 28

zero

Front 29

Increase in temp

Back 29

causes increase in entropy pos. value, or an increase in disorder

Front 30

Free Energy

Back 30

the energy that is available to do work

Front 31

Delta G degrees (-)

Back 31

Reaction spontaneous in forward direction

Front 32

Delta G degrees (0)

Back 32

System at equilibrium

Front 33

Delta G degrees (+)

Back 33

non-spontaneous in forward direction, but spontaneous in reverse direction