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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is not a function of mitosis in a human cell?
A. repair of wounds B. growth C. production of gametes from diploid cells D. replacement of lost or damaged cells |
C. production of gametes from diploid cells
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In what sense are the two daughter cells produced by mitosis identical?
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Identical DNA
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Why is it difficult to observe individual chromosomes during interphase?
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They are in the form of very long, thin strands
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A biochemist measures the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory. The quantity of DNA in a cell would be found to double
A. between prophase and anaphase of mitosits B. between the G1 and G2 phases of the cycle C. during the M phase of the cycle D. between prophase 1 and prophase 2 of meiosis |
B. During the G1 and G2 phases of the cycle
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Which two phases of mitosis are essentially opposites in terms of changes in the nucleus?
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prophase and telophase
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Complete the following table to compare mitosis and meiosis
A. Number of chromosomal duplications B. Number of cell divisions C. Number of daughter cells produced D. Number of chromosomes in daughter cells E. How chromosomes line up during metaphase F. Genetic relationship of daughter to parent cells G. Functions performed in the human body |
Mitosis Meiosis
A.1 A.1 B.1 B.2 C.2 C.4 D.2n D.n E. individually E.homologous pair F. identical F. unique G. repair,growth, G. gamete formation asexual reproduction |
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A chemical that disrupts microfilament formation would interfere with
A. DNA replication B. formation of the mitotic spindle C. cleavage D. crossing over |
C. cleavage
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If an intestinal cell in a dog contains 78 chromosomes, a dog sperm cell would contain ______ chromosomes?
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39
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A micrograph of a dividing cell from a mouse shows 19 chromosomes , each consisting of two sister chromatids. During which stage of meiosis could this pictures have been taken?
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prophase II or metaphase II; it cannot be during meiosis I because then you would see an even number of chromosomes; it cannot be during a later stage of meiosis II because then you would see the sister chromatids seperated.
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Tumors that remain at their site of origin are called ______, while tumors form which cells migrate to other body tissues are called ______.
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benign, malignent
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A diploid body (somatic) cell from a fruit fly contains eight chromosomes. This means that ______ different combinations of chromosomes are possible in gametes.
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16
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The genetic makeup of an organism is called its _______ and the physical traits of an organism are called its ______.
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genotype, phenotype
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Which of Mendel's laws is represented by each statement?
A. Alleles of each homologous pair seperate independently during gamete formation B. Alleles of segregate during gamete formation; fertilization creates pairs of alleles once again. |
A. The law of independent assortment
B. The law of segregation |
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Edward was found to be heterozygous (Ss) for a sickle-cell trait. The alleles represented by the letters S and s are
A. on the X and Y chromosomes B. linked C. on homologous chromosomes D. both present in each of Edward's sperm cells |
C. on homologous chromosomes
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Whether an allele is dominate or recessive depends on
A. how common the allele is, relative to other alleles B. whether it is inheritied from the mother to father C. whether it or another allele determines the phenotype when both are present D. whether or not it is linked to other genes |
C. whether it or another allele determines the phenotype when both are present
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Two fruit flies with eyes of the usual red color are crossed, and their offspring are as follows: 77 red-eyed males, 71 ruby-eyed males, 152 red-eyed females. The gene that controls whether eyes are red or ruby is ______, and the allele for ruby eyes is ______.
A. autosomal (carried on an autosome); dominant B. autosomal; recessive C. sex-linked; dominant D. sex-linked; recessive |
D. sex linked; recesssive
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All of the offspring of a white hen and a black rooster are gray. The simplest explanation for this pattern of inheritance is
A. pleiotrophy B. sex linkage C. codominance D. incomplete dominance |
D. incomplete dominance
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A man who has type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children of which of the following phenotype?
A. A,B, and O B. AB only C. AB or O D. A, B, AB, or O |
D. A, B, AB, or O
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A molecule of DNA contains two polymer stands called ______, made by bonding together many monomers called ______. Each monomer contains three parts: a ______, a ______, and a ______.
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polynucleotides; nucleotides; sugar (deoxyribose); phosphate; nitrogenous base
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Which of the following correctly ranks nucleic acid structures in order of size, from largest to smallest?
A. gene, chromosme, nucleotide, codon B. chromosome, gene, codon, nucleotide C. nucleotide, chromosome, gene, codon D. chromosome, nucleotide, gene, codon |
B. chromosome, gene, codon, nucleotide
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A scientist inserts a radioactively labled DNA molecule into a bacterium. The bacterium replicates this DNA molecule and distributes one daughter molecule (double helix) to each of two daughter cells. How much radioactivity will the DNA in each of the two daughter cells contain? Why?
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Each daughter DNA molecule will have half the radioactivity of the parent molecule, since one polynucleotide from the original parental DNA molecule winds up in each daughter DNA molecule.
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The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA. In an mRNA molecule transcribed from this DNA, the codon has the sequence ______. In the process of protein synthesis, a tRNA pairs with the mRNA codon. The nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodon is ______. The amino acid attached to the tRNA is ______.
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CAU; GUA; histidine (His)
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Describe the process by which the information in a gene is transcribed and translated into a protein.
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A gene is the polynucleotide sequence with information for make one polypeptide. Each codon, a triplet of bases in DNA or RNA , codes for one amino acid. Transcription occurs when RNA polymerase produces mRNA using one strand of DNA as a template. A ribosome is the site of translation, or polypeptide synthesis, and tRNA molecules serve as interpreters of the genetic code. Each tRna molecule has an amino acid attached at one end and a three base anticodon at the other end. Beginnin at the start codon, mRNA moves relative to the ribosome a codon at a time. A tRNA with a complementary anticodon pairs with each codon, adding its amino acid to the polypeptide chain. The amino acids are linked by peptide bonds. Translation stops at a stop codon, and the finished polypeptide is released. The polypeptide folds to form a functional protein, sometimes in combination with other polypeptides.
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Match the following molecules with the cellular process or processes in which they are primarily involved
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Ribosomes - translation
tRNA - translation DNA polymerases - DNA replication RNA polymerase - transciption mRNA - transcription and translation |
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A geneticist finds that a particular mutation has no effect on the polypeptide encoded by the gene. This mutation probably involves
A. deletion of one nucleotide B. alteration of the start codon C. insertion of one nucleotide D. substitution of one nucleotide |
D. substitution of one nucleotide
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Scientists have discovered how to put together a bacteriophage with the protein coat of a phage A and the DNA of phage B. If this composite phage were allowed to infect a bacterium, the phages produced in the cell would have
A. the protein of A and the DNA of B B. the protein of B and the DNA of A C. the protein and DNA of A D. the protein and DNA of B |
D. the protein and DNA of B
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How do some viruses reproduce without ever having DNA?
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The genetic material of these viruses is RNA, which is replicated inside the infected cell by special enzymes encoded by the virus. The viral genome (or its complement) serves as mRNA for the synthesis of viral proteins.
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HIV requires an enzyme called ______ to convert its RNA genome to a DNA version.
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reverse transcriptase
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Why is reverse transcriptase a particularly good target for anti-AIDS drugs?
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The process of reverse transcription occurs only in infections by RNA-containing retroviruses like HIV. Cells do not require reverse transcriptase (their RNA molecules do not undergo reverse transcription), so reverse transcriptase can be knocked out without harming the human host.
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