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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Alliteration
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Repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence
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Allusion
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Brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art
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Anaphora
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Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or words
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Annotation
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Explanatory or critical notes added to a text
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Antimetabole
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Repetition of words in reverse order
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Antithesis
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Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in balanced or parallel construction
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Archaic Diction
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Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words
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Asyndeton
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Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words
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Colloquialism
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An informal or conversational use of language
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Cumulative Sentence
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Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence, and then builds and adds on
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Dialectical Journal
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A double-column journal in which one writes a quotation in one column and reflections on that quotation in the other column
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Diction
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word choice
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Graphic Organizer
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Dividing the text in order to analyze it
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Hortative Sentence
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Sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action
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Hyperbole
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Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis
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Imperative Sentence
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Sentence used to command, enjoin, implore, or entreat
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Inversion
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Inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb object order)
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Metaphor
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Figure of speech that says one thing is another in order to explain by comparison
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Metonymy
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Using a single feature to represent the whole
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Oxymoron
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Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another
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Parallelism
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Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
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Periodic Sentence
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Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end
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Scheme
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A pattern of words or sentence construction used for the rhetorical effect
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Style
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The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech
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Syntax
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Sentence Structure
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Trope
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Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech
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Example: Let us go forth to lead the land we love
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Alliteration
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Examples:
a. Let both sides unite to geed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah b. “Christy didn’t like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities” |
Allusion
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Examples:
a. We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any for to assure the survival and the success of liberty b. “We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight…” |
Anaphora
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Example:
Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country |
Antimetabole
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Example:
We shall support any friend, oppose any foe |
Antithesis and/or Asyndeton
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Examples:
a. Beliefs for which our forebears fought b. Bitter Foe – enemy c. Asunder – apart |
Archaic Diction
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Example:
But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course – both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war |
Cumulative Sentence
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Example:
a. My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. |
Imperative Sentence
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Example:
a. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do. |
Inversion
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Example:
a. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion |
Metaphor
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Example:
a. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. |
Metonymy
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Example:
a. But this peaceful revolution. |
Oxymoron
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Example:
a. Let both sides explore…Let both sides, for the first time, formicate serious and precise proposals…Let both sides seek to invoke…Let both sides unite to heed. |
Parallelism
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Example:
a. To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support. |
Periodic Sentence
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Analogy
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a comparison between two differest things in order to highlight some point of similarity
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a. “Pupils are more like oysters than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us, if only we knew how to cultivate them with ardor and persistence."
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Analogy
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Assonance
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repetition of the same sound in words close to each other
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Thy kingdom come, thy will be done
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Assonance
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Anadiplosis
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("doubling back") the rhetorical repetition of one or several words; specifically, repetition of a word that ends one clause at the beginning of the next
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Anastrophe
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transposition of normal word order; most often found in Latin in the case of prepositions and the words they control. A form of hyperbaton
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a. The helmsman steered; the ship moved on; yet never a breeze up blew. Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
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Anastrophe
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Chiasmus
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two corresponding pairs arranged not in parallels (a-b-a-b) but in inverted order (a-b-b-a); from shape of the Greek letter chi (X)
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Examples:
a. *Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always. MacArthur b. *Renown'd for conquest, and in council skill'd. Addison et pacis ornamenta et subsidia belli. Cicero, Pro lege Manilia |
Chiasmus
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Climax
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arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of ascending power. Often the last emphatic word in one phrase or clause is repeated as the first emphatic word of the next.
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a. *One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Tennyson, Ulysses |
Climax
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Irony
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expression of something which is contrary to the intended meaning; the words say one thing but mean another.
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a. *Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honourable man. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar |
Irony
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Litotes
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understatement, for intensification, by denying the contrary of the thing being affirmed. (Sometimes used synonymously with meiosis.)
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Examples:
a. *A few unannounced quizzes are not inconceivable. b. *War is not healthy for children and other living things. |
Litotes
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Onomatopeia
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use of words to imitate natural sounds; accommodation of sound to sense.
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Paradox
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an assertion seemingly opposed to common sense, but that may yet have some truth in it.
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Example:
What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young. George Bernard Shaw |
Paradox
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Personification
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Attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or idea
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Examples:
a. "In Torquemada's time, there was at least a system that could, to some extent, make righteousness and peace kiss each other. Now, they do not even bow." –G. K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy b. "Once again, the heart of America is heavy. The spirit of America weeps for a tragedy that denies the very meaning of our land." –Lyndon Baines Johnson |
Personification
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Example:
a. *I said, "Who killed him?" and he said, "I don't know who killed him but he's dead all right," and it was dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights and windows broke and boats all up in the town and trees blown down and everything all blown and I got a skiff and went out and found my boat where I had her inside Mango Bay and she was all right only she was full of water. Hemingway, After the Storm |
Polysyndeton
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Polysyndeton
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the repetition of conjunctions in a series of coordinate words, phrases, or clauses
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Pun
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A play on words, either on different senses of the same word or on the similar sense or sound of different words.
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Examples:
a. A vulture boards a plane, carrying two dead possums. The attendant looks at him and says, "I'm sorry, sir, only one carrion allowed per passenger." b. “What food these morsels be! “ |
Pun
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Simile
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figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to compare two things
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Examples:
a. "A Republic whose history, like the path of the just, is as the shining light that shineth more and more unto the perfect day." –William Jennings Bryan a. "I've had some long nights in the stir. Alone in the dark with nothing but your thoughts, time can draw out like a blade. That was the longest night |
Simile
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Synecdoche
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understanding one thing with another; the use of a part for the whole, or the whole for the part (A form of metonymy)
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Examples:
a. *Give us this day our daily bread. Matthew 6 b. *I should have been a pair of ragged claws Scuttling across the floors of silent seas. T. S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" |
Synecdoche
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Zeugma
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A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or
governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence. |