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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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process in which a single cell or set of cells produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from one parent
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Asexual reproduction
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process in which genetic material from two parents combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent
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Sexual reproduction
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combination of DNA and protein molecules, in the form of long, thin fibers, making up the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
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Chromtain
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condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide
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Chromosome
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one of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a cell divides
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Sister chromatid
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region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together
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Centromere
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sequence of events from the production of a eukaryotic cell to the time the cell itself reproduces
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Cell Cycle
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stage of the cell cycle during which a cell carries out its metabolic processes and performs its functions in the body
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Interphase
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stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing
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Mitotic Phase
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process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter nuclei
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Mitosis
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process by which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two; usually follows mitosis and meiosis
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Cytokinesis
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framework of microtubules that guide the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
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Spindle
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region of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contains structures called centrioles
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Centrosome
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first stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II, when the already replicated chromosomes condense
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Prophase
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second stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II when the spindle is fully formed and all of the chromosomes are held in place
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Metaphase
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third phase of mitosis and of meiosis I and II, in which the sister chromatids separate and move toward the poles of the spindle
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Anaphase
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final stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II, in which the chromosomes reach the spindle poles, nuclear envelopes form around each set of daughter chromosomes, and the nucleoli reappear
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Telophase
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disk containing cell wall material that develops in plant cells during cytokinesis, eventually dividing the cell into two daughter cells
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Cell Plate
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mass of cells that remain at their original site
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Benign Tumor
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mass of abnormal cells resulting from uncontrolled cancer cell division
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Malignant Tumor
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disease caused by severe disruption of the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle
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Cancer
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disease caused by severe disruption of the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle
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Meatassis
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type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell
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Meiosis
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display of a person's 46 chromosomes
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Karyotype
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one of a matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent
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Homologus Chromosome
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one of two chromosomes of the 23rd pair of human chromosomes, which determine an individual's gender
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Sex Chromosome
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having two homologous sets of chromosomes
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Diploid
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egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair
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Gamete
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having a single set of chromosomes
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Haploid
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the fusion of the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell and the nucleus of a haploid egg cell, forming a diploid zygote
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Fertilization
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diploid cell formed when the nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell
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Zygote
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group of four chromatids formed during prophase I of meiosis by the two sister chromatids in each of the two homologous chromosomes
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Tertad
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exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis
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Crossing Over
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new combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis
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Genetic Recombination
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