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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Reproduction
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Cell division in which genetic information is passed from parent cells to daughter cells.
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Chromosomes
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A chromosome is composed of DNA and proteins (histones). A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells. Carries genetic information.
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Nucleotides
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A single molecule of DNA consists of a long chain composed of smaller subunits. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate a sugar and a nitrogenous base.
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Genes
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Segments of DNA ranging from a few hundred to many thousands of long nucleotides.
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Cell Cycle
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The ability and process of a cell being able to grow divide and possibly differentiate.
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Stem Cells
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Ability of self-renewal and ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types.
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Binary Fission
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Cell division that occurs in prokaryotic cells.
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Locus or loci
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The position of a gene or mutation on a chromosome.
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Telomers
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Two ends of a chromosome that consist of repeated nucleotide sequences. These nucleotide sequence ends are vital for chromosome stability.
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Centromere
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The point on a chromosome where it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division. Two functions: Temporarily holds two daughter DNA double helices together after DNA replication. The attachment site for microtubules then move the chromosomes during cell division.
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Duplicated Chromosome
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Consists of two identical DNA double helices called sister chromatids.
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Karyotypes
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Non reproductive cells of many organisms contain pairs of chromosomes. Ex: Down Syndrome which is an extra copy of chromosome # 21.
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Homologous Chromosomes
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From greek word meaning "To say the same thing." Cells with homologous chromosomes are doubled.
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Mutations
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Changes in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA
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Autosomes
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These chromosomes have a similar appearance and similar DNA sequences. These chromosomes are paired in diploid cells.
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Sex Chromosomes
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Males have x and y chromosomes. Females have two x chromosomes.
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Haploid
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Cells that contain only one of each type of chromosome.
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Alleles
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One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
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Crossing Over
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The mutual exchange of DNA between maternal and paternal chromosomes.
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Recombination
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The formation of new combinations of alleles on a chromosome.
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