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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mitosis |
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
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Prophase |
Nucleus disassembles: nucleolus disappear, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and nuclear envelope breaks down |
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Metaphase |
Chromosomes line up single file at center Each chromatid is complete with a centromere and a kinetochore, once separated, it is a chromosome *to keep track of total: count centromeres!
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Anaphase |
Microtubles shorten, each chromosome is pulled apart intro two chromatids (Once separated it is a chromosome; #chromosome doubles |
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Telophase |
Nuclear division, nuclear envelop develops, chromosomes ==> chromatin, nucleoli reappear |
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Cytokinesis |
Beings during end of anaphase; Division of cytoplasm to form 2 cells |
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Cleavage furrow |
actin and myosin microfilaments shorten, pull plasma membrane into center (animal) |
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Cell plate |
vesicles from Golgi bodies migrate and fuse to form cell plate Cells dont actually separate from each other, middle lamella cements adjacent cells together |
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Interphase |
begins after mitosis and cytokinesis are complete and consists G1, S and G2 phase |
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Cell Cycle |
M, G1, S, G2 Phase During S phase, second molecule of DNA replicated from the first provides sister chromatids Growth occurs in all 3 interphases, not jst G's |
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Checkpoints |
Near the end of G1- cell growth assessed and favorable conditions checked. If fails, cell enters G0 End of G2 - checks for sufficient Mitosis Promoting Factor levels to proceed M checkpoint during mitosis that triggers start of G1 |
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Meiosis I |
a reduction division homologous chromosomes pair at plate, migrate to opposite poles (no separation of sister chromatids) |
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Prophase I |
nucleus disassembles; nucleolus disappears and nuclear envelop breaks down, chromatin condenses, spindle develops |
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Metaphase I |
Microtubules attached to kinectochores of one member of each homologous pair. Microtubles from other site attach to 2nd member of pair |
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Anaphase I |
homologues within tetrads uncouple and pulled to opposite sides (disjunction) |
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Telophase I |
nuclear membrane develops. Each pole forms a new nucleus that has half number of chromosomes (from homologous pair to each chromosome = 2 sister chromatids |
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Synapsis |
homologous chromosomes pair up. These pairs refrerred to as TETRADS (group of 4 chromatids) |
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Chiasmata |
region where crossing over occur of non-sister chromatids |
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Meiosis II |
Chromosomes spread across metaphase plate and sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles (similar to mitosis) |
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Prophase II |
nuclear envelop disappears and spindle develops etc. no chiasmata and no crossing over |
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Metaphase II |
chromosomes align on plate like in mitosis but now with half number of chromosomes (no extra copy) |
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Anaphase II |
each chromosome is pulled into 2 separate chromatids and migrate to opposite poles of cell |
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Telophase II |
nuclear envelope reappears and cytokinesis occurs 4 haploid cells (each chromosome = 1 chromatid) |
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Mitosis/Meiosis |
Mitosis in somatic cells Meiosis in gametes (egg, sperm, pollen) |
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In plants |
Meiosis in sporangia --> produces spores (haploid) Spores undergoes mitosis to become multicellular (Gametophyte) which are haploid(n) since spores are already haploid |
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Sporophyte |
gametes fuse and produce a diploid cell (zygote 2n) that grows by mitosis to become sporophyte Cells in sporophyte(sporangia) undergoes meisosis to rpoduce haploid spores which germinate and repeat life cycle |
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Alternation of generations |
Alternation of diploid and haploid stages |
