Chapter 8 Skeletal System

Front 1

These primary organs lie buried beneath the muscles and other soft tissues providing a rigid frame work and support for the whole body

Back 1

Bones

Front 2

Bone contains this vital tissue. the blood cell forming tissue

Back 2

Red bone marrow

Front 3

The four types of bones are

Back 3

Long flat short and irregular

Front 4

Some scientist recognize another category of bones called

Back 4

Sesamoid

Front 5

A hollow tube or shaft made from compact bone

Back 5

Diaphysis

Front 6

The hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone that contain soft yellow bone marrow

Back 6

Medullary cavity

Front 7

Red bone marrow fills in small spaces in the spongy bone composing the epiphyses. The ends of bones

Back 7

Articular cartilage

Front 8

Strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone everywhere except the joint surfaces

Back 8

Periosteum

Front 9

The thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Back 9

Endosteum

Front 10

Is the long bone of the arm and the second longest bone in the body

Back 10

Humorous

Front 11

The bones of the forearm

Back 11

Radius and ulna

Front 12

Collar bones

Back 12

Clavicle

Front 13

Shoulder blades

Back 13

Scapula

Front 14

Bone on the thumb side of the lower arm

Back 14

Radius

Front 15

Bone on the finger side of the lower arm

Back 15

Ulna

Front 16

Irregular bones at the end of the hand or wrist

Back 16

Carpal bones

Front 17

Form the framework of the palm of the hand

Back 17

Metacarpals

Front 18

Finger bones 3 on each finger two on each thumb

Back 18

Phalanges

Front 19

The largest tarsel bone or heel bone

Back 19

Calcaneus

Front 20

Shinbone

Back 20

Tibia

Front 21

Long slender bone of lateral side of leg

Back 21

Fibula

Front 22

Form the heel and back part of foot

Back 22

Tarsal bones

Front 23

Form the part of the foot which the toes are attached

Back 23

Metatarsal

Front 24

Toe bones 3 on each toe two on each great toe

Back 24

Phalanges

Front 25

A large depression on the posterior surface of the humerus

Back 25

Olecranon fossa

Front 26

The large bony process of the ulna

Back 26

Olecranon process

Front 27

Distally the femur articulates with the kneecap or

Back 27

Patella

Front 28

The arch that lies on the inside part of the foot is called

Back 28

Medial longitudinal arch

Front 29

The arch that lies along the outer edge of the foot

Back 29

Lateral longitudinal arch

Front 30

Three types of joint according to degree of movement

Back 30

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarhroses

Front 31

Is a joint in which fibrous connective tissue grows between the articulating bones holding them close together. Joint do not have significant movement

Back 31

Synarthroses

Front 32

Is a joint in which part which connects the articulating bones. Only slight movement between joined bones.

Back 32

Amphiarthrosis

Front 33

Caused by pressure of sudden exertion or injury may push it all into spinal canal. Severe pain may result if the disc presses on the spinal cord

Back 33

Herniated disc

Front 34

The vast majority of joints. Joints allow considerable movement sometimes in many directions or only in two directions. This joint has a joint capsule

Back 34

Diarthroses

Front 35

Is made of the body strongest and toughest material fibrous connective tissue and is lined with a smooth slippery synovial membrane.

Back 35

Joint capsule

Front 36

Covers the joint ends of bones and acts like a rubber heel or shoe it absorbs jolts

Back 36

Articular cartilage

Front 37

Or like hinges on a door allowed movement in only two directions mainly flexion and extension

Back 37

Hinge joints

Front 38

Only one pair of these joints exist in the body between the metacarpal bone of each sum and a carpal bone of the wrist

Back 38

Saddle joints

Front 39

Are the least movable diarthrotic joints. Their flat articulating surfaces allow limited gliding movements such as that at the superior and inferior articulating processes between successive vertebrae

Back 39

Gliding joints

Front 40

These are joints in which a condyle fits into an elliptical socket. An example is the fit of the distal end of the radius into depressions in the carpal bones.

Back 40

Condyloid joint

Front 41

This is a joint in which a ball shaped head of one bone fits into a concave socket of another. Example would be hip and shoulder joint

Back 41

Ball and socket joint

Front 42

Are joints in which small projections of one bone pivots in an arch of another bone. An example a projection of the axis the second vertebrae in the neck pivots in an arch of the Atlas the first vertebra of the neck

Back 42

Pivot joint

Front 43

The most common and devastating malignant neoplasm of bone and is usually located in the femur is called

Back 43

Osteosarcoma

Front 44

Is a cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage tissue and is the second most common type of cancer affecting bones

Back 44

Chondrosarcoma

Front 45

Is the name of the disorder in which bones lose minerals and become less dense.

Back 45

Osteoporosis

Front 46

Compression fractures of the vertebrae result in a short in stature and the classic Kiphosis of the of the thoracic spine

Back 46

Dowagers hump

Front 47

Loss of minerals from bone related vitamin D deficiency

Back 47

Demineralization

Front 48

Involves demineralization of developed bones in infants and young children before skeleton maturity

Back 48

Rickets

Front 49

Is demineralation of bones that have already matured

Back 49

Osteomalacia

Front 50

Is characterized by localized intermittent an uncontrolled episodes of almost frenzied osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity

Back 50

Paget disease or osteitis deformans

Front 51

Is a genetic disease that can affect 1 and 30000 first and is also called brittle bone disease

Back 51

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 52

Is the general name for bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue. Staphylococcus is the bacteria most common of pathogens found in this condition.

Back 52

Osteomyelitis

Front 53

Are fractures in which bone pierces the skin and invite the possibility of infection or osteomyelitis

Back 53

Open fractures

Front 54

D these fractures also known as simple fractures do not pierce the skin and so do not pose an immediate danger of bone infection

Back 54

Closed fractures

Front 55

Is a fracture when bone fragments separate completely

Back 55

Complete fractures

Front 56

Are fractures in which a bone is bent but broken only on the outer curve of the bend and are often called greenstick fractures

Back 56

Incomplete fracture

Front 57

Are fractures that produce many fragments

Back 57

Comminuted fractures

Front 58

These fractures occur when bone fragments are driven into each other

Back 58

Impacted fractures

Front 59

A fracture line is parallel to the bones long axis

Back 59

Linear fracture

Front 60

A fracture line is at a right angle to the bones long axis

Back 60

Transverse fracture

Front 61

Is a fracture line is diagonal to the bones long axis. The fracture line seems to spiral around the bone like the stripes of a candy cane the fracture may also be called spiral fracture

Back 61

Oblique fracture

Front 62

Known as degenerative joint disease is the most common non-inflammatory disorder of movable joints

Back 62

Osteoarthritis

Front 63

Occurs when the articular surfaces of bones forming the joint are no longer in proper contact with each other

Back 63

Dislocation or subluxation

Front 64

Is used to describe an injury involving the musculotendinous unit and may involve the muscle the tendon and the junction between the two as well as their attachments to bone

Back 64

Strain

Front 65

In cases of violent muscle contractions can cause a fracture in which a piece of bone is pulled free

Back 65

Avulsion fracture

Front 66

A type of immune disease that involves chronic inflammation of connective tissues. It begins in the synovial membrane and spreads to the cartilage and other tissues often causing severe crippling

Back 66

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 67

Is more severe than the adult form but involves similar deterioration and deformity of joints. The joint inflammatory process often destroys growth of the cartilage and growth of long bones is arrested

Back 67

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Front 68

Is a metabolic condition in which uric acid a nitro Genesis wave increases in the blood. Excess uric acid is deposited as sodium urate crystals in distal joints and other tissues

Back 68

Gouty arthritis or gout

Front 69

A variety of pathogens can infect synovial membrane and other joint tissues

Back 69

Infectious arthritis

Front 70

Was identified in Old Lyme Connecticut in 1975 and is caused by a spirochete bacterium carried by deer ticks

Back 70

Lyme disease or Lyme arthritis

Front 71

Is a group of bacteria called ehrlichia and is also carried by ticks and includes the agents that cause the various forms of

Back 71

Ehrlichiosis