Chapter 8 - Skeletal System

Front 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Back 1

Internal framework that SUPPORTS the body

Protects the internal organs

Makes white blood cells that helps to fight off disease

Makes MOVEMENT possible by working with the muscles

Stores calcium

Forms blood cells - process is called hematopoiesis

Front 2

What are the five major bones according to the shape

Back 2

Long

Short

Flat

Regular

Sesamoid

Front 3

Name the long bones in the body

Back 3

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Femur

Tibula / Fibula

Front 4

Name a place on the body where you find short bones

Back 4

Carpals/ Tarsals

Front 5

Give an example of a flat bone

Back 5

Skull (frontal)

Sternum (breastbone)

Ribs

Front 6

Give an example of irregular bones

Back 6

Vertebral / Spinal Bones

Front 7

Where in the body do you find the sesamoid / round bone

Back 7

Kneecap (patella)

Front 8

What is the process of blood cell formation called

Back 8

Hematopoiesis

Front 9

Name the six structures of the long bone

Back 9

Diaphysis

Medullary Cavity

Epiphysis

Articular Cartilage

Periosteum

Endosteum

Front 10

Describe the Diaphysis

Back 10

Hard compact outer part of the bone

Front 11

The inner hollow space inside the diaphysis is known as what

Back 11

Medullary Cavity

Front 12

What do you call the ends of the bone

Back 12

The epiphysis

Front 13

The thin layer that covers the epiphysis

Back 13

Articular Cartilage

Front 14

Name the layer that covers the bone and name the layer that lines the medullary cavity

Back 14

1). Covers - Periosteum

2). Endosteum

Front 15

What are the other names for cancellous bones

Back 15

Diplo

Front 16

What are the names of the connective tissues in bones?

Back 16

Bone & Cartilage

Front 17

Name the two bone types

Back 17

Spongy

Compact

Front 18

The inside of each individual bone has three names, what are they

Back 18

Cancellous

Spongy

Diplo

Front 19

What is the name of the beams that form the lattice of the spongy bone

Back 19

Trabeculae

Front 20

Mature bones are known as

Back 20

Osteocytes

Front 21

What are the three types of bone cells

Back 21

Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

Osteocytes

Front 22

Name the immature bone cell

Back 22

Osteoblast

Front 23

Name the bone cells that are old bones that have been broken down and reabsorbed

Back 23

Osteoclasts

Front 24

The extracellular matrix of the compact bone is otherwise known as

Back 24

Osteons or Haversian Systems

Front 25

Cartilage cells are also known as

Back 25

Chondrocytes

Front 26

Does cartilage rebuild fast or slow and explain why

Back 26

Slowly; because there are no blood vessels

Front 27

Describe the matrix of cartilage

Back 27

Gel like; contains fibers

Front 28

This type of bone cells releases acid that dissolve calcium in the bone?

Back 28

Osteoclasts

Front 29

The diaphysis is also known as

Back 29

Shaft of the bone

Front 30

Bones are developed or grow from a process called?

Back 30

Endochondro-Ossification

Front 31

Where does ossification take place

Back 31

In the epiphysis

Front 32

When does a person stop growing

Back 32

When the epiphyseal cartilage turns into bone

Front 33

Forms new bone?

Back 33

Osteoblasts

Front 34

Reabsorbs bones?

Back 34

Osteoclasts

Front 35

What are bones before birth made of?

Back 35

Cartilage and fiber

Front 36

What is endochondrial ossification?

Back 36

When cartilage is replaced by calcified bones

Front 37

The forehead of a newborn that is not ossified is called?

Back 37

Fontanels

Front 38

The human skeleton has two divisions, name them?

Back 38

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Front 39

Name the parts of the axial Skeleton and how many bones are located in it?

Back 39

Skull

Spine/vertebral column

Thorax

Contains 80 bones

Front 40

Name the parts of the appendicular skeleton and how many bones are in it?

Back 40

Upper extremities including shoulder (pectoral girdle)

Lower extremities including hip (pelvic girdle)

Front 41

How many bones are in the head?

Back 41

8

Front 42

How many bones form the face?

Back 42

14

Front 43

How many bones are in the middle ear?

Back 43

6

Front 44

Name the three abnormal curves of the spine or vertebral column?

Back 44

Lordosis or swayback

Kyphosis or hunchback

Scoliosis

Front 45

These two bones holds the appendicular structure of the body together at the pectoral/shoulder girdle?

Back 45

Clavicle

Scapula

Front 46

Name the only movable bone in the head?

Back 46

Mandible

Front 47

This bone is the only bone that doesn’t attach to any other bone?

Back 47

Hyoid bone

Front 48

Name the three ossicles?

Back 48

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

Front 49

Immovable joints in the skull are known as?

Back 49

Sutures

Front 50

Name the sutures in the head?

Back 50

Lamboid suture - occipital bone

Squamous suture - temporal bone

Coronal suture - frontal bone

Sagittal - between the parietal

Front 51

Name the cranial bones?

Back 51

Frontal

Occipital

Parietal - 2

Temporal - 2

Sphenoid - 2

Front 52

Name the divisions of the skeleton vertebrae ?

Back 52

Cervical - 7 bones

Thoracic - 12 bones

Lumbar - 5 bones

Sacrum - 1 bone

Coccyx - 1 bone

Front 53

Name the composition of the thorax?

Back 53

12 pairs of ribs

Sternum

Thoracic vertebrae

Front 54

The hyoid bone does not attach to any joint but serves this purpose?

Back 54

Anchor for the tongue muscles

Helps support the voice box (larynx)

Front 55

Name the hole in the center of the vertebrae?

Back 55

Vertebral Foramen

Front 56

Name the first cervical vertebrae?

Back 56

Atlas

Front 57

Name the second cervical vertebrae?

Back 57

Axis

Front 58

Axis (cervical vertebrae 2) has a pivot that extends into atlas ( cervical vertebrae 1) that allows the head to pivot, what is it called?

Back 58

Dens (meaning tooth)

Front 59

How many bones are in the vertebrae?

Back 59

24

Front 60

How many sacrum bones does a baby have?

Back 60

5

Front 61

The first 7 ribs are known as? Explain your answer!

Back 61

True ribs…..

because they are attached to the sternum

Front 62

Which ribs are known as the false ribs? Explain why?

Back 62

8-9 & 10

They are attached by way of cartilage to the 7th rib

Front 63

What are the names of ribs 11 & 12? Explain the reasoning for their name and where are they located?

Back 63

Floating ribs

Explain: they are not attached to the sternum or costal cartilage

In the posterior thoracic area

Front 64

Name the bones of the upper extremity of the appendicular region?

Back 64

Shoulder or pectoral girdle

Arm - humerus

Forearm - radius and ulna

Wrist - 8 carpal bones

Hand - 5 metacarpal bones

Fingers - 14 phalanges

Front 65

What is the only point in the body where the appendicular region of the arms are attached to the axial region?

Back 65

Sternoclavicular joint

Front 66

What are the first and second longest bone in the body?

Back 66

First - femur

Second - humerus

Front 67

Name the rounded part at the end of the humerus that joins the radius and the ulna?

Back 67

Trochlea/trochlea notch

Front 68

Name the parts of the sternum?

Back 68

Manubrium

Sternum body

Xiphoid process

Front 69

Pelvic bones are also known as?

Back 69

Coxal bones

Front 70

The Coxal bones of an infant consists of three parts, name them?

Back 70

Ilium

Ischium

Pubic bones

Front 71

What is the name of the heel bone?

Back 71

Calcaneous

Front 72

How many tarsal bones are in the feet and how many carpal bones are in the hands?

Back 72

7 tarsals

8 carpals

Front 73

Every vertebrae have cartilage between them except?

Back 73

C1 and C2 aka atlas and axis

Front 74

This cup-shaped socket attaches attaches the femur to the Coxal bones?

Back 74

Acetabulum

Front 75

Toe bones and finger bones are known as?

Back 75

Phalanges

Front 76

The largest tarsal bone is known as?

Back 76

Calcaneous

Front 77

This bone articulates the femur with the tibula?

Back 77

Patella/kneecap

Front 78

This bone articulates the femur to the Coxal bone/hip girdle?

Back 78

Acetabulum aka the femoral socket

Front 79

The shinbone is also known as the?

Back 79

Tibia

Front 80

The second largest ankle bone is called?

Back 80

Talus

Front 81

Name the tarsal bones

Back 81

Calcaneous

Talus

Navicular

Cuboidal

Cuneiform - 3 bones

Front 82

Name the divisions of the foot?

Back 82

5 metatarsal bones

7 tarsal bones

14 phalanges or toe bones

3 arches

Front 83

The word pelvis means?

Back 83

Basin

Front 84

What are the differences between the male and female pelvis?

Back 84

Men pelvis shapes like a funnel and is deep and narrow - women pelvis is broad and shallow

Pelvic inlet on a man is smaller - the women pelvic inlet is wider to accommodate a baby

Women pubic angle is bigger than men

Front 85

What age does the skeleton system reach a state of maturity and at what age does the density of the bones begin to decrease?

Back 85

Mature: 25

Decrease: 50

Front 86

What factors can cause bones to break down or degenerate?

Back 86

Age

Nutrition

Lack of vitamin D

Mechanical stress or load bearing

Front 87

Joints are also known as?

Back 87

Articulations