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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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vertical gene transfer
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occurs during reproduction between generation of cells
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Horizontal gene transfer
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the transfer of genes between cells of the same generation
-one bacterium donates DNA to a recipient bacterium |
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Genetic Recombination
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Exchange of genes between two DNA molecules
-crossing over occurs when two chromosomes break and rejoin |
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Transformation
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bacteria pick up "naked" DNA in the enviroment. and Bacillus,Haemophilus, Neisseria,Acinetobacter,Streptococcus, Staphylococcus they transform naturally-competent
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Genetic transformation
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Bacteria pick up naked DNA in the enviroment
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conjugation
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genetic material transferred from one bacterium to another through contact and in gram (-) bacteria plasmid usually carries genes for the construction of a sex pillus
gram (+) produce sticky surface molecules |
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What is this picture showing?
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Bacterial Conjugation
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This is showing which form of transfer and bacterium?
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Conjugation of E. Coli
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transduction
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bacterial DNA transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell inside a bacteriophage
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bacteriophage
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virus that infects bacteria
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Steptococcus pyogenes causes what?
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scarlet fever and has a red color the (enthrogenic toxin)
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Transduction by...?
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Bacteriophage
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E. coli is found naturally in the human large intestine, and there it is beneficial. However, the strain designated E. coli O157:H7 produces Shiga toxin. How did E. coli acquire this gene from Shigella?
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transduction
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Plasmids
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self replicating,gene-containing circular pieces of DNA
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This is showing what?
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Repair(these enzymes are powered by light) of DNA
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Bacterial chromosomes are what shape?
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circular
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UV light is a form of ...?
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mutagenic radiation
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Direct UV light on DNA can cause...?
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the formation of harmful covalent bonds between certain bases
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Photolyases
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known also as light repair enzymes use visiable light energy to separate the dimer back to the original two thymines.
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Nucleotide excision repair
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not restricted to UV-induced damage;it can repair mutations from other causes as well.
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