Endogenous DNA Damage

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During its lifetime all living organisms are subjected to a number of factors threatening the integrity of their DNA. Organisms have evolved to efficiently respond to these DNA insults that result from either endogenous sources (cellular metabolic processes) or exogenous sources (environmental factors). Endogenous sources of DNA damage include hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, and mismatch of DNA bases; sources for exogenous DNA damage include ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and various chemicals agents.
DNA damage types used for this work are produced by ionizing radiation (IR) and ultraviolet radiation (UV). Ultraviolet (UV) light from sunlight, can make up to 105 DNA lesions (pyrimidine dimers) in cell per day. Pyrimidine

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