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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axial Skeleton |
Bones along central body axis (skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, thoracic cage includes 22 bones: most interlocked by sutures |
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Cranial bones |
encloses brain: 8 bones |
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Facial bones |
form cheekbones, nose, bridge, palate, orbits, mandible:14 bones |
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Ear ossicles |
inside temporal bone: 6 bones |
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hyoid |
overe larynx: 1 bone |
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Skull |
cranial bones: 2 parietal, two temporal, 1 frontal, 1occipital, 1 sphenoid, 1 ethmoid |
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facial bones |
2 nasal, 2 lacriminal, 2 zygomatic, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 1 mandible, 2 maxilla, 2 palantine, 1 vomer |
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appendicular skeleton |
includes row bones of the upper limb and pectoral girdle and the bones of the lower limb and pelvic girdle |
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Nasal septum |
vomer, perpendicular plate |
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Paranasal sinuses |
Extensions of nasal cavity Frontal sinus, ethmoid, sphenoid sinus, maxillary sinuses |
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Vertebral column |
26 bones Vertebrae, sacrum, coccy |
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What are the function of the vertebral column |
encloses/protect spinal cord attachment of skull supports weight of head |
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Thoracic cage |
sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages |
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What are the functions of the thoracic cage |
protects heart,lungs, thymus etc. within cavity |
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Appedicular skeleton |
invloed in changing your position in the external environment |
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Pectoral girdle |
2 clavivles, 2 scpulae transmits force from upper limbs to axial skeleton |
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Special functions of the skeleton |
wide female pelvis (childbirth) heavier male skeleton (heavier muscles) foot arches (for balance) patella (fulcrum) Ear ossicles (transmits sound waves) Sinus cavities (clean, warm, humidify air; lighten skull Fused sacrum (supports sitting and standing |
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Skeletal conditions |
scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis |
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Articulations (joints) |
connections between two bones that may or may not permit movement |
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How are articulation joints classified? |
functionally and structurally |
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What are the functional classifications of the joints? |
amount of movement synostoses: completely immovable synarthroses: little movement or immovable amphiathroses: slightly moveable diarthroses: freely moveable |
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What are sutures? |
dense regular connective tissue |
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syndesmoses |
ligaments |
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what are the suture types? |
serrate, lap, plane |
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gomphosis |
attachment of a tooth to its socket |
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Bony joints |
complete ossification between two bones |
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Cartilaginous joints |
2 bones linked by cartilage synchondroses: bones connected by hyaline cartilage connective tissue symphyses: bones separated by discs of fibrocartilage connective tissue |
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synovial joints |
enclosed, fluid filled space |
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articular cartilages |
hyaline cartilage smooth gliding surface |
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Joint cavity |
filled with synovial fluid secreted by synovial fluid |
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synovial fluid functions |
3: lubricates, nourished chondrocytes, and shocked absorption |
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compression |
synovial fluid forced out of articular cartilages |
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re-expansion |
synovial fluid pulled back into cartilages |
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What are the accessory structures |
menisci (knee)-absorb shock and pressure capsular ligaments: medial and lateral collateral ligaments intracapsular ligaments -cross ligaments muscles and tendons -motion bursae- reduces friction between moving surfaces in tendons and sheaths |
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flexion |
decreases angle between joining bones |
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extension |
increasing angle between joining bones |
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hyperextensions |
not bending a joint back beyond its normal range |
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abduction |
movement of limb away from the body midline |
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adduction |
movement of limb toward body midline |
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circumspection |
movement of limb or finger so that it draws a circle |
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roation |
turning movement of bone around the longitudinal axis |
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medial |
rotation of limb toward media plane |
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lateral |
rotation of limb toward lateral plane |
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elevation |
lifting a body part superiorly |
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depression |
moving elevated body part inferiorly |
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pronation |
from SAP forearm rates medically until palm faces |
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supination |
from probated position, forearm rotates laterally |
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inversion |
turn some of feet medically |
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eversion |
turn sole of foot laterally |
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lateral flexion |
tilting head or trunk to right or left of the midline |
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dorsiflexion |
lifting toes to shin |
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plantar flexion |
lifitng heel and pointing toes |
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protraction |
movement of body part posteriorly |
