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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LACRIMAL APPARATUS |
- protects, moistens, lubricates eye - empties into nasal cavity |
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LACRIMAL SECRETIONS |
- contains dilute salt solution, mucus, antibodies, lysozyme |
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LATERAL RECTUS |
eye muscle which moves eye laterally
controlled by cranial nerve VI |
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MEDIAL RECTUS |
eye muscle which moves eye medially
controlled by cranial nerve III |
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SUPERIOR RECTUS |
muscle which elevates eye, turns it medially
controlled by cranial nerve III |
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INFERIOR RECTUS |
muscle which depresses eye, turns it medially
controlled by cranial nerve III |
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INFERIOR OBLIQUE |
muscle which elevates eye and turns it laterally
controlled by cranial nerve III |
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SUPERIOR OBLIQUE |
muscle which depresses eye, turns it laterally
controlled by cranial nerve IV |
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CRANIAL MONONEUROPATHY |
- affects cranial nerve III - double vision, drooping eyelid - caused by tumors or local swelling, infection and sinus thrombosis |
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STRABISMUS |
disorder in which both eyes aren't looking the same direction |
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NYSTAGMUS |
fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyes |
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FIBROUS LAYER OF THE EYE |
- sclera: white connective tissue layer, "white of the eye" - cornea: transparent, central anterior portion, light passes easily, only human tissue that can be transplanted w/o fear of rejection |
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VASCULAR LAYER OF THE EYE |
- consists of choroid, ciliary body |
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CHOROID |
- blood rich nutritive layer in the posterior part of the eye - pigment prevents light from scaterring - modified into ciliary body (smooth muscle), iris |
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IRIS |
- regulates amount of light entering eye - pigmented layer, eye color - pupil - rounded opening |
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SENSORY LAYER OF THE EYE |
- contains retina |
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RETINA |
- two layers: outer pigmented layer and inner neural layer - inner layer: contains rods and cones, bipolar neurons, ganglion cells - signals leave here toward brain through optic nerve - optic disc is where nerve leaves eyeball - cannot see images focused on optic disc |
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RODS |
- most found towards edges of retina - allow dim light vision, periph vision - all perception in gray tones |
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CONES |
- allow for detailed color vision - densest in the center of the retina - three types: blue, green, red - color blindness is the result of the lack of one cone type |
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FOVEA CENTRALIS |
- lateral to blind spot - area of the retina with only cones - sharpest vision is here |
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LENS |
- biconvex crystal like structure - heald in place by suspensory ligament attached to ciliary body |
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CATARACTS |
- results when lens become hard and opaque with age - vision becomes hazy, distorted - eventually causes blindness - increased risk with DM, frequent intense sunlight, heavy smoking |
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ANTERIOR SEGMENT OF EYE |
- aqueous - anterior to the lens - contains aqueous humor |
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POSTERIOR SEGMENT OF EYE |
- vitreous - posterior to the lens - contains vitreous humor |
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AQUEOUS HUMOR |
- watery fluid between lens, cornea - similar to blood plasma - helps maintain intraocular pressure - provides nutrients for lens, cornea - reabsorbed into venous blood through scleral venous sinus |
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VITREOUS HUMOR |
- gel-like substance posterior to lens - prevents eye from collapsing - helps maintain intraocular pressure |
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OPTIC CHIASMA |
- location where optic nerves cross - fibers from medial side of each eye cross over to opposite side of brain |
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OPTIC TRACTS |
- fibers from lateral side of each eye on the same side, and medial side of the opposite eye |
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EMMETROPIA |
- eye focuses images correctly on the retina |
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MYOPIA |
- nearsightedness - distant objects appear blurry - light fails to reach retina, are focused in front of retina - eyeball is too long |
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HYPEROPIA |
- farsightedness - near objects are blurry, far objects clear - are focused behind the retina, not on retina - results from eyeball being too short |
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ASTIGMATISM |
- images are blurry - results from light focusing as lines, not points, on retina - due to unequal curvature of the cornea, lens
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NIGHT BLINDNESS |
- inhibited rod function that hinders the ability to see at night |
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COLOR BLINDNESS |
- genetic conditions that result in the inability to see certain colors - due to lack of one type of cone |
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GLAUCOMA |
- can cause blindness due to increasing pressure within eye
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HEMIANOPIA |
- loss of the same side of the visual field of both eyes - results from damage to visual cortex on one side only |
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AURICAL |
- AKA pinna - visible external portion of ear |
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EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS |
- auditory canal - narrow chamber in the temporal bone - lined with skin and wax glands (ceruminous) - air-filled - only involved in hearing |
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TYMPANIC MEMBRANE |
- covers opening from the auditory canal |
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AUDITORY TUBE |
- connects middle ear with throat - allows for equalizing pressure during yawning, swallowing - is otherwise collapsed - contains three bones: malleus, incus, stapes (hammer, anvil, stirrup) |
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VESTIBULAR APPARATUS |
- equilibrium receptors of inner ear - two functional parts: static, dynamic equilibrium |
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STATIC EQUILIBRIUM |
- maculae: receptors in vestibule - report on position of head - sent info via vestibular nerve
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MACULAE |
- receptors in vestibular apparatus - hair cells are embedded in otolithic membrane - otoliths (tiny stones) float in gell around hair cells - movements cause otoliths to bend hair cells, which sends signal to brainl |
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DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM |
- respond to angular, rotary movements |
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CRISTA AMPULLARIS |
- dynamic equilibrium receptors, located in semicircular canal - tufts of hair cells covered with cupula (gelatinous cap) - when head moves, cupula drags against endolymph - communicates movement via vestibular nerve |
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ORGAN OF CORTI |
- located within cochlea - gel like tectorial membrane capable of bending hair cells on basilar membrane - cochlear nerve transmits nerve impulses - continued stimulation can lead to adaptation |
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COCHLEAR NERVE |
- attached to hair cells, transmits nerve impulses to auditory cortex or temporal lobe
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OLFACTORY RECEPTORS |
- located in the roof of nasal cavity - neurons with long cilia with receptor proteins for odor molecule - chemicals dissolved in mucous for detection - transmit impulses via olfactory nerve to olfactory bulb
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TASTE BUDS |
- mostly located on tongue, also soft palate, epiglottis, pharynx
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FILIFORM PAPILLAE |
- sharp, no tastebuds |
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FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE |
- rounded with taste buds |
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CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE |
- large papillae, taste buds located on side |
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GUSTATORY CELLS |
- receptors for taste - have long microvilli ("hairs") which are stimulated by chemicals dissolved in saliva - impulses from receptors carried to gustatory complex by several cranial nerves |
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OPTHALMIA NEONATORUM |
- conjunctivitis resulting from mother having gonorrhea |
