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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What would occur to the plasma membrane if the cholesterol would be removed?
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Cholesterol keeps the fatty-acid tails of the phospholipids bilayer from sticking together, which contributes to the fluidity of the plasma membrane. The membrane would become rigid.
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Phospholipid function in the cell membrane
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a special lipid that is responsible for the structure of the cell membrane.
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Cholesterol function in the cell membrane
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keeps the fatty acid tails from sticking together
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Transport proteins function in the cell membrane
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move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrance
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charbohydrate function in the cell membrane
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defines the cell’s characteristics and help cells identify chemical signals
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Where would you most likely find water in the plasma membrane
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Near the polar heads
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Where would you least likely find water in the plasma membrane
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Near the non-polar tails
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What did scientists observe using the earliest microscopes?
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Scientist observed a piece of cork and living organisms
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Electron microscope
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Zooms in up to 500,000X without blurring and can only observe dead cells
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Compound light microscope
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Zoom in up to 1,000X without blurring and can observe living cells
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What is the fundamental principle of the cell theory?
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Cells are the most basic unit of living things.
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Prokaryotic cells are
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unicellular, they lack membrane bound organelles
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An example of a Prokaryotic cell is
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Bacteria
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Eukaryotic cells are
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unicellular or multicellular, and have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
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An example of a Eukaryotic Cell is
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animal and plant cell
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What is present only in eukaryotic cells?
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Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
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What is present only in animal cells?
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Lysosomes
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What is the polar region of a phospholipid?
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Head
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What is the non-polar region of a phospholipid?
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Tail
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Is cholesterol polar or nonpolar?
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Cholesterol is nonpolar because it’s used to prevent the fatty acid tails from knotting up and preventing substances from passing.
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Which substance on the plasma membrane helps identify chemical signals from outside the cell?
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Carbohydrates
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Which substance on the plasma membrane helps transmit chemical signals into the cell?
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Proteins
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Cell membrane
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Maintaining balance in the cell’s internal environment
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Selective permeability
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Allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out
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Nucleus
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directs the cell process, manages the cell structure, and contains DNA
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Nuclear envelope
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A nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Acts very similar to a plasma membrane in that it allows for substances to pass through
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Nuclear pore
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Allow larger sized substances to move in and out of the nucleus
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Nucleolus
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Site of ribosome production, center of the nucleus
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Cytoplasm
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The environment inside the plasma membrane that is a semifluid material
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Mitochondria
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Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into usable energy
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Golgi Apparatus
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Flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles. They can then be distributed outside the cell.
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Centriole
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Organelles made of microtubules that occur in pairs and function during cell division
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Microtubule
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Microtubules are long hollow protein cylinders that form a rigid skeleton for the cell and assist in moving substances within a cell.
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Vacuole
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Sac used to store food, enzyme, and other materials needed by the cell
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Lysosomes
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Digests excess organelles and food particles
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Microfilament
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Thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable the entire cell or parts of the cell to move: microtubes and microfilament rapidly assemble and disassemble and slide past one another which allows the cell to move.
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Ribosome
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An organelle that’s the site of protein synthesis. They can be found in all cells.
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Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
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endoplasmic reticulum with ribosome’s on it, the site of protein synthesis.
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Soft Endoplasmic Reticulum
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packages protein after protein synthesis.
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Cilia
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short numerous “hairs” outside the plasma membrane
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Flagella
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Projections that aid in locomotion and feeding
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At what point of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached?
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The point when there is continuous movement of molecules, but no overall change.
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What is the difference b/w facilitated diffusion and active transport?
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Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport which doesn’t require energy, whereas active transport does.
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Hypotonic solution
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the net movement is in the cell, making it expand
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Hypertonic solution
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the net movement is out of the cell, making it shrivel
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Isotonic solution
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Water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate
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Cell Theory
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1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. Cells are basic unit of structure and organization. 3. Cells arise only from previously living cells with cells passing copies of genetic material on to their daughter cells |
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What problems might a cell develop if its plasma membrane did not have selective permeability?
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Unwanted substances would enter and exit, so the cell would not function properly.
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Describe two functions performed by proteins in the plasma membrane?
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Proteins can transport signals through the cell and act as a support structure in the plasma membrane
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What is a Na/ K pump?
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It is an active transport pump found in the plasma membrane of animal cells. It can fit 3 Na+ and 2 K+ in the pump.
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Rough ER
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bumps are attached ribosome’s that will produce proteins for export to other cells
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Smooth ER
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provides a membrane surface where a variety of complex carbs. and lipids are synthesized
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• A scientist examined a cell with a high-powered microscope. The scientist concluded that the cell was an animal cell. How did the scientist know that the cell was from an animal?
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Only has a cell membrane, no cell wall, lysosomes could be present, no chloroplast
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Similarities between Endocytosis and Exocytosis
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Involve a plasma membrane
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Endocytosis
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the cell engulfs a large substance placing a membrane around it
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Exocytosis
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the cell expels out waste by putting membrane around the waste called a vesticle. The membrane opens and becomes part of the cell membrane.
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Osmosis
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diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane-regulates the movement of water across the plasma membrane
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Diffusion
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net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles to an area where there are fewer particles
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