Chapter 7 Notes

Front 1

cranial nerve 1

Back 1

olfactory

purely sensory

smell

Front 2

cranial nerve 2

Back 2

optic

purely sensory

vision

Front 3

cranial nerve 3

Back 3

oculomotor

mixed

eyelid, internal eye muscles

Front 4

cranial nerve 4

Back 4

trochlear

mixed

external eye muscle- superior oblique

Front 5

cranial nerve 5

Back 5

trigeminal

mixed

chewing, sensory on face

Front 6

cranial nerve 6

Back 6

abducens

mixed

eyes moving latterly

Front 7

cranial nerve 7

Back 7

facial

mixed

facial expression, tase buds

Front 8

cranial nerve 8

Back 8

vestibulocochlear

purely sensory

hearing

Front 9

cranial nerve 9

Back 9

glossopharyngeal

mixed

throat (gag swallow etc)

Front 10

cranial nerve 10

Back 10

vagus

mixed

pharynx, larynx, digestive

Front 11

cranial nerve 11

Back 11

accessory

mixed

neck muscles

Front 12

cranial nerve 12

Back 12

hypoglossal

mixed

tongue movements

Front 13

gathering information to monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body

Back 13

sensory input

Front 14

to process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed

Back 14

integration

Front 15

a response to integrates stimuli, it activates

Back 15

motor output

Front 16

what does the central nervous system include

Back 16

brain and spinal cord

Front 17

what is the peripheral nervous system

Back 17

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Front 18

division of the PNS

Back 18

sensory (afferent)

motor (efferent)

Front 19

nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system

Back 19

sensory or afferent division

Front 20

nerve fibers that cary impulses away rom the central nervous system

Back 20

motor or efferent division

Front 21

division of the motor (efferent) division

Back 21

somatic nervous system (voluntary)

autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

Front 22

support cells in the CNS are grouped together

Back 22

neuroglia

Front 23

functions of neuroglia

Back 23

support, insulate, and protect neurons

Front 24

abundant star shaped cells that brace neurons

from barrier between capillaries and neurons

controls the chemical environment of the brain

Back 24

astrocytes

Front 25

spiderlike phagocytes

dispose of debris

Back 25

microglia

Front 26

line cavities of the brain and spinal cord

circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Back 26

ependymal cells

Front 27

wrap around nerve fibers in the CNS

produce myelin sheets

Back 27

oligodedryocytes

Front 28

protect neuron cell bodies

Back 28

satellite cells

Front 29

what are neurons

Back 29

nerve cells

Front 30

what do neurons do

Back 30

cells specialized to transmit messages

Front 31

regions of neurons

Back 31

cell body (nucleus and metabolic center of the cell)

processes (fibers that extend from the cell body)

Front 32

neurofibrils

Back 32

intermediate cytoskeleton

maintains cell shape

Front 33

the cell body includes

Back 33

nucleus

large nucleolus

Front 34

conduct impulses toward the cell body

Back 34

dendrites

Front 35

conduct impulses away from the cell body

Back 35

axons

Front 36

what do axons end in

Back 36

axonal terminals

Front 37

what do axonal terminals contain

Back 37

vesicles w neurotransmitters

Front 38

gap between adjacent neurons

Back 38

synaptic cleft

Front 39

junction between nerves

Back 39

synapse

Front 40

whitish, fatty material covering axons

Back 40

myelin sheath

Front 41

produce myelin sheaths in jelly roll-like fashion

Back 41

schwann cells

Front 42

gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

Back 42

nodes of ranvier

Front 43

cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

Back 43

gray matter

Front 44

clusters of cell bodies within the white matter of the cells

Back 44

nuclei

Front 45

collections of cell bodies outside the CNS

Back 45

ganglia

Front 46

many extensions from the cell body

Back 46

multipolar neurons

Front 47

one axon and one dendrite

Back 47

bipolar neurons

Front 48

have a short single process leaving the cell body

Back 48

unipolar neurons

Front 49

ability to respond to a stimulus

Back 49

irritability

Front 50

ability to transmit an impulse

Back 50

conductivity

Front 51

fewer positive ions are inside the cell than outside the cell

Back 51

resting neurons

Front 52

at rest the plasma membrane is

Back 52

polarized

Front 53

what depolarizes a neurons membrane

Back 53

any sort of stimulus

Front 54

what allows sodium to flow inside the membrane

Back 54

depolarized membrane

Front 55

the exchange of ions initiates an action potential in the neuron

Back 55

depolarization

Front 56

when do impulses travel faster

Back 56

when fibers have a myelin sheath

Front 57

when potassium ions rush out of the neuron and sodium ions rush in

Back 57

repolarization

Front 58

what restores the original configuration

Back 58

the sodium potassium pump, using atp

Front 59

rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to a stimulus

Back 59

reflex, occurs over pathways called reflex arcs

Front 60

direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector

Back 60

reflex arc

Front 61

activation of skeletal muscles

Back 61

somatic reflexes

moving hand away from heat

Front 62

smooth muscle regulation

Back 62

autonomic reflex

regulates: heart and blood pressure

glands

digestive system