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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Case Study Design |
A comprehensive and in-depth study of a single case or several cases. A nonexperimental design in which the investigator has little control over events. |
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Classical Randomized Experimental Design |
An experiment with the random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups with a pretest and posttest for both groups. |
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Cohort |
A group of people who all experience a significant event in roughly the same time frame. |
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Control Group |
A group of subjects that does not receive the experimental treatment or test stimulus. |
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Correlation |
A statement that the values of states of one thing systematically vary with the values of states of another; an association between two variables. |
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Cross-sectional design |
A research design in which measurements of independent and dependent variables are taken at the same time; naturally occurring differences in the independent variable are used to create quasi-experimental and quasi-control groups; extraneous factors are controlled for by statistical means. |
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Demand Characteristics |
Aspects of the research situation that cause participants to guess the purpose or rationale of the study and adjust their behavior or opinions accordingly. |
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Experiment |
Research using a research design in which the researcher controls exposure to the test factor or independent variable, the assignment of subjects to groups, and the measurement of responses. |
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Experimental effect |
Effect, usually measured numerically, f the experimental variable on the dependent variable. |
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Experimental Group |
A group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment or test stimulus. |
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Experimental morality |
A differential loss of subjects from experimental and control groups that affects the equivalency of groups; threat to internal validity. |
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External Validity |
The ability to generalize from one set of research findings to other situations. |
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Field Experiment |
Experimental designs applied in a natural setting. |
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Formal Model |
A simplified and abstract representation of reality that can be expressed verbally, mathematically, or in some other symbolic system and that purports to show how variables or parts of a system are interconnected. |
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Internal Validity |
The ability to show that manipulation or variation of the independent variable actually causes the dependent variable to change. |
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Intervention Analysis |
A nonexperimental time series design in which measurements of a dependent variable are taken both before and after the "introduction" of an independent variable. |
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Multi-group design |
Experimental design with more than one control and experimental group. |
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Period Effect |
An indicator or measure of history effects on a dependent variable during a specified time. |
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Policy evaluation |
Objective analysis of economic, political, cultural, or social effects of public policies. |
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Posttest Design |
Research design in which the dependent variable is measured after, but not before, manipulation of the independent variable. |
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Pretest |
Measurement of the dependent variable prior to the administration of the experimental treatment or manipulation of the independent variable. |
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Quasi-Experimental design |
A research design that includes treatment and control groups to which individuals are not assigned randomly. |
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Randomization |
The random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups. |
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Repeated-measurement design |
A plan that calls for making more than one measure of observation of a dependent variable at different times over the course of the study. |
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Research Design |
A plan specifying how the researcher intends to fulfill the goals of the study; a logical plan for testing hypotheses. |
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Selection Bias |
Bias due to the assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups according to some criterion and not randomly; threat to internal validity. |
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Simulation |
A simple representation of a system in order to study its behavior. |
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Small-N Design |
A research design in which the researcher examines one or a few cases of a phenomenon in considerable detail. |
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Statistical Regression |
Change in the dependent variable due to the temporary nature of extreme values; threat to internal validity. |
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Test Stimulus or test factor |
The independent variable introduced and controlled by an investigator in order to assess its effects on a response or dependent variable. |
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Time Series Design |
A research design (sometimes called a longitudinal design) featuring multiple measurements of the dependent variable before and after experimental treatment. |
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Trend Analysis |
Research design that measures a dependent variable at different times and attempts to determine wether the level of the variable is changing and, if it is, why. |