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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sticks or modules
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DRAM
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FPM Fast Page Mode
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Old ram, really old
not tied to the system clock over 10 years old |
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SDRAM
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Synchronous RAM
tied to the system clock little wasted time |
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Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM)
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SDRAM debut
64 bit wide data to match the 64 bit data bus of every CPU since pentium |
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bank
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each 64 bit slot DIMM could fill
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rambus DRAM
RDRAM |
800 MHz speeds
a stick of RDRAM = RIMM high costs |
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continuity RIMM
CRIMM |
RDRAM motherboards required that all RIMM slots be occupied
unused pairs needed this passive device to fill |
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DDR SDRAM
Double data rate SDRAM |
2 processes for every clock cycle
To determine the bytes per second= MHz speed x 8bytes |
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Dual Channel DDR
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must have 2 identical sticks of DDR snaped into 2 paired slots
dont need to put anything into un used slots |
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DDR2
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clock doubling the input/output circuits
faster sticks will not fit into DDR sockets, nor are they electronically compatible |
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DDR3
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higher speeds
30% lower power 240 pin DIMM |
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Double Sided DIMMs
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chips on both side of stick
rarer than single sided |
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latency
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delay in RAM's response time
lower = faster |
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CL (RAM)
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clock cycle delays
latency |
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parity RAM
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error detecting RAM
extra bit of data that the MCC uses to verify whether the data was correct |
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error correction RAM
ECC RAM |
1 detects any time a single bit is incorrect
2 fixes these errors on the fly this RAM is always slower only used with special motherboards |
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buffered or registered DRAM
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rare
average computer uses only 4 sticks of ram add buffering chip to the stick that acts as an intermediary between DRAM and MCC |
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Working with RAM
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ESD sensitive !
determine if insufficient RAM is the case pick the proper RAM |
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Do you need RAM
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sluggish
constantly accessing hard drive |
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disk thrashing
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moving programs between RAM and the page file
light goes crazy |
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Determining Current RAM Capacity
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properties for my computer
or performance tab under the task manager |
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Getting the right RAM
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Inside case - check to see how many free slots of RAM open
Motherboard book to determine the total capacity of RAM the system can handle + compatibility |
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Mixing RAM Speeds
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try to stay as close to the same
could have data corruption |
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Installing RAM
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ESD wrist band
insert firmly until the side tabs move in |
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Serial Presence detect SPD
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Motherboard will detect and automatically set up any DIMM or RIMM you install
SPD chip stores all information on RAM |
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Bad SPD Chip
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you can't fix a broken SPD chip, have to buy new RAM
POST error message and the system will not boot |
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Installing SO-DIMMS
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laptops
used to be impossible hatch on the back of laptops now |
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Real Parity error
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errors that the MCC detects from the parity or ECC chips
reports error message |
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Phantom Parity Errors
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shows up on systems that dont have parity or ECC memory
most likely do not have a problem with RAM |
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page fault
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milder error
if windows repeats the memory address error = RAM issue |
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non-maskable interrupt (NMI)
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interruption the CPU cannot ignore
BSoD RAM could be the problem |
