Chapter 6: Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

Ankyl/o

Back 1

Stiff

Front 2

Arthr/o

Back 2

Articulation, joint

Front 3

-asthenia

Back 3

Weakness

Front 4

Burs/o

Back 4

Bursa

Front 5

Calc/i

Back 5

Calcium

Front 6

Cellul/o

Back 6

Little cell or compartment

Front 7

Chondr/o

Back 7

Cartilage

Front 8

De-

Back 8

Down, from, or reversing

Front 9

Meta-

Back 9

Change or next in a series

Front 10

-sarcoma

Back 10

Malignant tumor of connective tissue

Front 11

Ten/o

Tend/o

Tendin/o

Back 11

Tendon

Front 12

Fibromyalgia

Back 12

Characterized by widespread nonarticular pain of the torso, extremities and face

Front 13

Myofibrosis

Back 13

Tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue

Front 14

Myasthenia gravis

Back 14

Characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses

Front 15

Compound fracture

Back 15

Broken bone is visible through an opening in the skin

Front 16

Sprain

Back 16

Injury to a joint that causes pain and disability, with the severity depending on the degree of injury to ligaments or tendons

Front 17

Strain

Back 17

Excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured or trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction of excessive forcible stretch

Front 18

Myocele

Back 18

Fascial hernia

Muscle protrudes through its fascial covering

Front 19

Paraplegia

Back 19

Paralysis of the lower portion of the body and of both legs

Front 20

Paresis

Back 20

Motor weakness or partial paralysis

Front 21

Paraparesis

Back 21

Partial paralysis of the lower limbs

(Quadriparesis or tetraparesis affects all limbs)

Front 22

Cellulitis

Back 22

Acute spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues; if muscle is also involved it is called myocellulitis

Front 23

Osteitis

Back 23

Inflammation of a bone

May be caused by infection, degeneration, or trauma

Different than osteomyelitis (bone and bone marrow)

Front 24

Osteochondritis

Back 24

Inflammation of bone and cartilage, tends to attack bone forming centers of the body

Front 25

Multiple myeloma

Back 25

Characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and bone marrow; usually progressive and generally fatal

Front 26

Osteitis deformans (Paget Disease)

Back 26

skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation, which results in the thickening and softening of bones and in the bowing of long bones

Front 27

Osteomalacia

Back 27

reversible disorder, characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone; most common cause if vit D deficiency;

spondylomalacia = softening of the vertebrae

Front 28

Osteoporosis

Back 28

metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures; common in postmenopausal women, sedentary individuals, patients receiving long term steroid therapy

Front 29

Dowager's hump

Back 29

abnormal curvatureof the spine from front to back often seen in osteoporosis (caused by multiple fractures of the thoracic vertebrae)

Front 30

Spina bifida

Back 30

congenital abnormality characterized by defective closing of the bones of the spine

Front 31

Scoliosis

Back 31

lateral curvature of the spine

Front 32

Kyphosis

Back 32

exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back (humpback/hunchback)

Front 33

Muscular distrophy

Back 33

group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, and progressive disability and loss of strength

Front 34

Craniocele

Back 34

hernial protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull

Front 35

tarsoptosis

Back 35

flatfoot

Front 36

Arthritis

Back 36

any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement

Front 37

Osteoarthritis

Back 37

degenerative joint disease; form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes (loss of articular cartilage)

Front 38

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Back 38

chronic, systemic (whole body) disease that often results in joint deformities (hands and feet especially)

rheumatism = general term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and by pain in joints and associated structures

Front 39

Spondylarthritis

Back 39

arthritis of the spine

inflammation of vertebrae

Front 40

Rheumatoid Spondylitis

Back 40

causes inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae and can eventually neighboring vertebrae to fuse

Front 41

ankylosis

Back 41

abnormal condition in which a joint is immobile and stiff

Front 42

arthralgia

arthrodynia

Back 42

painful joint

Front 43

lupus erythematosus (LE)

Back 43

autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue; butterfly rash appears across the bridge of the nose

Front 44

Gout

Back 44

painful metabolic disease, form of acute arthritis; inflammation of joints, especially foot and knee, results from hyperuricemia and from deposits of urates in and around joints

Front 45

arthroscopy

Back 45

direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiberoptic endoscope (arthroscope)

arthrotomy = incision of a joint

arthropathy = any disease of a joint

Front 46

bunionectomy

Back 46

excision of a bunion

Front 47

osteoectomy

ostectomy

Back 47

excision of a bone;

costectomy = rib

Front 48

craniotomy

Back 48

incision into the skull

craniectomy = excision of a segment of the skull

cranioplasty = plastic surgery to repair the skull

Front 49

uricemia

Back 49

presence of uric acid in the blood

Hyperuricemia = excess or increased amount of uric acid in the blood

Front 50

Fibrosarcoma

Back 50

a malignant tumor containing much fibrous tissue

Front 51

antiarthritics

Back 51

various forms of therapy that relieve arthritic symptoms