Chapter 10 Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

appendage

Back 1

any body part attached to a main structure

Front 2

articulation

Back 2

place of union between two or more bones: joint

Front 3

arthritis

Back 3

inflammation of a joint: usually accompanied by pain, swelling and, commonly changes in structure

arthr: joint

-itis: inflammation

Front 4

cruciate ligaments

Back 4

ligaments that cross each other forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles

cruci: cross

Front 5

hematopoiesis

Back 5

production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

hemat/o: blood

-poiesis: formation, production

Front 6

meatus

Back 6

an opening or passage through any part of the body

meat: opening, meatus

-us: condition: structure

Front 7

adduction

Back 7

moves closer to the midline

Front 8

abduction

Back 8

moves away from midline

Front 9

flexion

Back 9

decreases the angle of a joint

Front 10

extension

Back 10

increases the angle of a joint

Front 11

rotation

Back 11

moves a bone around its own axis

Front 12

pronation

Back 12

turns the palm down

Front 13

supination

Back 13

turns the palm up

Front 14

inversion

Back 14

moves the sole of the foot inward

Front 15

eversion

Back 15

move the sole of the foot outward

Front 16

dorsiflexion

Back 16

elevates the foot

Front 17

plantar flexion

Back 17

lowers the foot (points toes)

Front 18

ankyl/o

Back 18

stiffness:; bent, crooked

Front 19

arthr/o

Back 19

joint

Front 20

kyph/o

Back 20

hill, mountain

Front 21

lamin/o

Back 21

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

Front 22

lord/o

Back 22

curve, swayback

Front 23

myel/o

Back 23

bone marrow; spinal cord

Front 24

orth/o

Back 24

straight

Front 25

oste/o

Back 25

bone

Front 26

ped/o

ped/i

Back 26

foot;child

Front 27

scoli/o

Back 27

crooked, bent

Front 28

thorac/o

Back 28

chest

Front 29

acromi/o

Back 29

acromion (projection of scapula)

Front 30

brachi/o

Back 30

arm

Front 31

calcane/o

Back 31

calcaneum (heel bone)

Front 32

carp/o

Back 32

carpus (wrist)

Front 33

cephal/o

Back 33

head

Front 34

cervic/o

Back 34

neck;cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

Front 35

clavicul/o

Back 35

clavicle (collarbone)

Front 36

cost/o

Back 36

ribs

Front 37

crani/o

Back 37

cranium (skull)

Front 38

dactyl/o

Back 38

fingers: toes

Front 39

femor/o

Back 39

femur (thigh bone)

Front 40

fibul/o

Back 40

fibula (smaller bone of lower leg)

Front 41

humer/o

Back 41

humerus (upper arm bone)

Front 42

ili/o

Back 42

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)

Front 43

ischi/o

Back 43

ischium (lower portion of hip bone)

Front 44

lumb/o

Back 44

loins (lower back)

Front 45

metacarp/o

Back 45

metacarpus (hand bone)

Front 46

metatars/o

Back 46

metatarsus (foot bone)

Front 47

patell/o

Back 47

patella (kneecap)

Front 48

pelv/i

Back 48

pelvis

Front 49

pod/o

Back 49

foot

Front 50

phalang/o

Back 50

phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)

Front 51

pub/o

Back 51

pelvis bone (anterior part of pelvic bone)

Front 52

radi/o

Back 52

radiation, xray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

Front 53

spondyl/o

vertebr/o

Back 53

vertebrae (back bone)

Front 54

stern/o

Back 54

sterum (breastbone)

Front 55

tibi/o

Back 55

tibia (larger bone of lower leg)

Front 56

leiomy/o

Back 56

smooth muscle (visceral)

Front 57

muscul/o

my/o

Back 57

muscle

Front 58

rhabd/o

Back 58

rod-shaped (striated)

Front 59

rhabdomy/o

Back 59

rod shaped (striated) muscle

Front 60

chondr/o

Back 60

cartilage

Front 61

fasci/o

Back 61

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

Front 62

fibr/o

Back 62

fiber, fibrous tissue

Front 63

synov/o

Back 63

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

Front 64

ten/o

tend/o

tendin/o

Back 64

tendon

Front 65

-asthenia

Back 65

weakness, debility

Front 66

-blast

Back 66

embryonic cell

Front 67

-clasia

-clast

Back 67

to break; surgical fracture

Front 68

-desis

Back 68

binding, fixation ( of a bone or joint)

Front 69

-physis

Back 69

growth

Front 70

-malacia

Back 70

softening

Front 71

-porosis

Back 71

porous

Front 72

-scopy

Back 72

visual examination

Front 73

a-

Back 73

without, not

Front 74

sub-

Back 74

under below

Front 75

supra-

Back 75

above; excessive; superior

Front 76

syn-

Back 76

union, together, joined

Front 77

ankylosis

Back 77

Stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma,surgery, or abnormal bone fusion

ankyl: stiffness, bent, crooked

-osis: abnormal condition,increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Front 78

carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS)

Back 78

Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)

Front 79

claudication

Back 79

Lameness, limping

Front 80

contracture

Back 80

Fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule thatprevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

Front 81

crepitation

Back 81

Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together,indicating a fracture or joint destruction

Front 82

electromyography

Back 82

Use of electrical stimula tion to record the strength of muscle contraction

electr/o: electricmy/o: muscle-graphy: process of recording

Front 83

exacerbation

Back 83

Increase in severity of a disease or of any of its symptoms

Front 84

ganglion cyst

Back 84

Tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wristThe cyst is aspirated and injected with an anti-inflammatory agent.

Front 85

hypotonia

Back 85

Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

hypo-: under, below, deficient

ton: tension-

-ia: conditon

Front 86

hemarthrosis

Back 86

Effusion of blood into a joint cavity

hem: blood

arthr: joint

-osis: abnormal condition;increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Front 87

multiple myeloma

Back 87

Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow

myel: bone marrow; spinal cord

-oma: tumor

Front 88

osteophyte

Back 88

Bony out growth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exertpressure on the spinal cord

Front 89

phantom limb

Back 89

Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb stillexists

Front 90

prosthesis

Back 90

Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificialextremity

Front 91

rickets, rachitis

Back 91

Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency

Front 92

sequestrum

Back 92

Fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surroundingtissue

sequestr: separation

-um: structure, thing

Front 93

spondylolisthesis

Back 93

Any forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over the one below it

Front 94

spondylosis

Back 94

Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and relatedtissues

spondyl: vertebrae(backbone)

-osis: abnormal condition;increase (used primarilywith blood cells)

Front 95

sprain

Back 95

Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete

Front 96

strain

Back 96

To exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usuallymuscular

Front 97

subluxation

Back 97

Partial or incomplete dislocation

Front 98

talipes

Back 98

Any number of foot deformities, especially those occurring congenitally;also called clubfoot

Front 99

arthrography

Back 99

Series of radiographs taken after injection of a radiopaque substanceinto a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline thecontour of the joint

arthr/o: joint

-graphy: process of recording

Front 100

computed tomography (CT) scan

Back 100

Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around thearea to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted raysfrom different angles; formerly called computerized axial tomography

tom/o: to cut

-graphy: process of recording

Front 101

dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

Back 101

Technique to measure bone density for purposes of diagnosis andmanagement of osteoporosis

Front 102

discography

Back 102

Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures byinjecting a contrast medium

Front 103

lumbosacral spinal radiography

Back 103

Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae,including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of thelower spine

lumb/o: loins (lower back)

sacr: sacrum

-al: pertaining to, relating to

radi/o: radiation, x-ray, radius(lower arm bone on thumb side)

-graphy: process of recording

Front 104

myelography

Back 104

Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast mediumto identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniatedintervertebral disks, or other lesions

Front 105

closed reduction

Back 105

Manual correction of fractures without incision

Front 106

casting

Back 106

Application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris orother material to a body part to immobilize it during the healingprocess

Front 107

splinting

Back 107

Use of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilization,stabilization, and protection during the healing process

Front 108

traction

Back 108

Using weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture andfacilitate the healing process

Front 109

amputation

Back 109

Partial or complete removal of a limb

Front 110

arthrocentesis

Back 110

Puncture of a joint space to remove accumulated fluid

arthr/o: joint

-centesis: surgical puncture

Front 111

arthroclasia

Back 111

Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement

arthr/o: joint

-clasia: to break;surgical fracture

Front 112

arthroscopy

Back 112

Visual examination of a joint, especially the knee; used primarily todetect trauma or lesions and to obtain a biopsy of synovial tissue formicroscopic examination

arthr/o: joint

-scopy: visual examination

Front 113

bursectomy

Back 113

Excision of bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue,usually in the vicinity of joints)

Front 114

bone grafting

Back 114

Implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the bodyor from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missingbone tissue

Front 115

laminectomy

Back 115

Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

Front 116

open reduction

Back 116

Treatment of bone fractures using surgery to place the bones in properposition

Front 117

sequestrectomy

Back 117

Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

Front 118

synovectomy

Back 118

Excision of a synovial membrane