Chapter 6 Bio

Front 1

accessory pigment

Back 1

pigment that absorbs light energy and transfers energy to cholorphyll a in photosynthesis

Front 2

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Back 2

substance involved in energy metabolism formed by breakdown of adenosine triphosphate

Front 3

atp synthase

Back 3

enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate

Front 4

biochemical pathway

Back 4

series of chemical reations in which the product of one reactions is consumed in next reaction

Front 5

carotenoid

Back 5

light absorbing compound that functions as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis

Front 6

chemiosmosis

Back 6

process in chloroplasts and mitochondria in which movement of protons down concentrations gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP

Front 7

chlorophyll

Back 7

class of light absorbing pigments used in photosynthesis

Front 8

electron transport chain

Back 8

molecules in the thylakoid membrane or linner mitochondria membrane that uses some of the energy in electrons to pump protons across the membrane

Front 9

granum

Back 9

stack of thylakoids in chloroplast

Front 10

light reactions

Back 10

initial reactions in photosynthesis, including the absorbtion of light by photosystems I and II, passage of electrons along electron transport chain, and the production of HADPH and oxygen 2, synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis

Front 11

NADP+ (nicotinamide udenine dinucleotide phosphate)

Back 11

organis molecule that accepts electrons during redox reactions

Front 12

photosynthesis

Back 12

conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds

Front 13

photosystem

Back 13

in plants: a unit of several hundred chlorophyll molecules and carotenoid pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane

Front 14

photosystem I

Back 14

light energy forces electrons to enter higher energy level in the 2 chlorophyll a molecules

Front 15

photosystem II

Back 15

excited electrons have enough energy to leave chlorophyll a

Front 16

pigment

Back 16

in plants, a compound that absorbs light and imparts color

Front 17

primary electron acceptor

Back 17

moleecule in thylakoid membrane that accepts electrons that chlorophyll a loses in light reactions

Front 18

stroma

Back 18

in plants, the solution that surrounds thylakoid's in chloroplast

Front 19

visible spectrum

Back 19

portion of sunlight percieved by human eye as various colors

Front 20

wavelength

Back 20

difference between crests in a wave

Front 21

C3 plant

Back 21

plant species that fix carbon exclusively

Front 22

C4 pathway

Back 22

alternative pathway that enables plants to fix co2 into four carbon compounds

Front 23

calvin cycle

Back 23

biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which co2 is converted into carbohydrate

Front 24

CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism)

Back 24

biochemical pathway in certain plants in which co2 is incorporated into organic acids at night and released for fixation in calvin cycle during the day

Front 25

carbon fixation

Back 25

incorporation of carbon dioxide into compounds

Front 26

PGA (phophogly cerate)

Back 26

three-carbon molecule formed in 1st step of calvin cycle

Front 27

PGAL ( glyceraldhyde phosphate)

Back 27

3-carbon molecule formed in 2nd step of calvin cycle that can leave cycle and be used to make other organic compounds

Front 28

RuBP (ribulose biphosphate)

Back 28

5-carbon carbohydrate that combines with co2 to form 2 molecules of PGA in 1st step of calvin cycle

Front 29

stoma

Back 29

one of many small pores usually located on underside of a leaf; aids in gas exchange