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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epiphyseal Line |
the remnant of the epiphyseal plate in the metaphysis of a long bone |
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bone remodeling |
replacement of old bone by new bone tissue |
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Parathyroid Hormone |
a hormone secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands that increases blood calcium level and decreases blood phosphate level. (PTH) |
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calcitonin |
a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that can lower the amount of blood calcium and phosphates by inhibiting bone resorption and by accelerating uptake of calcium and phosphates into bone matrix |
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demineralization |
loss of calcium and phosphorus from bones |
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Ossification |
formation of bone aka osteogenesis |
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intramembranous ossification |
the method of bone formation in which the bone is formed directly in mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes |
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endochondral ossification |
the replacement of cartilage by bone |
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ossification center |
an area in the cartilage model of a future bone where the cartilage cells hypertrophy, secrete enzymes that calcify their extracellular matrix, and die, and the area they occupy is invaded by osteoblasts that then lay down bone |
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perichondrium |
the membrane that covers cartilage |
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interstitial growth |
growth from within, as in the growth of the cartilage |
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appositional growth |
growth due to surface deposition of material, as in the growth in diameter of cartilage and bone. |
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epiphyseal growth plate |
the hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis of the long bone; site of length wise growth of long bones. |
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sex hormones |
estrogens (women), androgens (men) Men and women have both, but men have more A and women have more E |
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fracture hematoma |
the mass of blood that forms around the site of a fracture |
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bony callus |
when fibrocartilage is converted into spongy bone the callus is then called bony callus (hard) |
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fibrocartilaginous callus |
a mass of repair tissue consisting of collagen fibers and cartilage that bridges broken ends of bones. |
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calcitriol |
active form of Vitamin D, formed by PTH, a hormone that promotes absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract into the blood |
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bone resorption |
the removal of of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts |
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bone deposition |
the addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts |
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Zone of resting cartilage |
the layer nearest the epiphysis and consists of small, scattered chondrocytes.1 |
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zone of proliferating cartilage |
slightly larger chondrocytes in this zone are arranged like stacks of coins, chondrocytes undergo interstitial growth as they divide and secrete extracellular matrix. 2 |
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zone of hypertrophic cartilage |
consists of large, maturing chondrocytes arranged in columns. 3 |
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zone of calcified cartilage |
final zone of epiphyseal plate with only a few cells thick and consists mostly of chondrocytes that are dead because the extracellular matrix around them has calcified. 4 |
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nutrient veins |
accompany the nutrient artery and exit through the diaphysis |
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epiphyseal veins |
accompany epiphyseal arteries and exit through the epiphysis |
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metaphyseal veins |
accompany metaphyseal arteries and exit through the metaphysis |
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periosteal veins |
accompany periosteal artery and exit through the periosteum |
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cartilage model |
produced by chondroblasts secreting extracellular matrix, consists of hyaline cartilage |
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periosteum |
when the perichondrium starts to form bone |
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primary ossification center |
a region where bone tissue will replace most of the cartilage |
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Secondary ossification center |
when branches of the epiphyseal artery enter the epiphyses, this develops. spongy bone remains in the interior of the epiphyses |
