A & P - Chapter 6

Front 1

Bones are pourus and thin but bone composition is normal.

Back 1

Osteoporosis

Front 2

Bone formed is poorly mineralized and soft. Deforms on weight-bearing.

Back 2

Osteomalacia

Front 3

Abnormal bone formation and reabsorption

Back 3

Paget's Disease

Front 4

An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the arts. Common in children.

Back 4

Greenstick

Front 5

Bone fragments into many pieces.

Back 5

Comminuted

Front 6

Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force.

Back 6

Spiral

Front 7

The lining of the marrow cavity.

Back 7

Endosteum

Front 8

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix.

Back 8

Osteoclasts

Front 9

Layers of bone matrix

Back 9

Lamellae

Front 10

Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone.

Back 10

Canaliculi

Front 11

Cells that can build bony matrix.

Back 11

Osteoblasts

Front 12

The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification.

Back 12

Chondrocytes

Front 13

The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.

Back 13

Appositional Growth

Front 14

The area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells.

Back 14

Diaphysis

Front 15

The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.

Back 15

Epiphyseal Line

Front 16

Area where bone longitudal growth takes place.

Back 16

Epiphyseal Plate

Front 17

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. T/F?

Back 17

True

Front 18

Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone. T/F?

Back 18

False

Front 19

Bones are classified by whether they are weight-bearing or protective in function. T/F?

Back 19

False

Front 20

The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels.T/F?

Back 20

False

Front 21

Short, irregular, and flat bones have large marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the
bones light. T/F?

Back 21

False

Front 22

In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone marrow. T/F?

Back 22

False

Front 23

The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk. T/F?

Back 23

True

Front 24

The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones. T/F?

Back 24

True

Front 25

Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite. T/F?

Back 25

True

Front 26

All bones formed by intramembranous ossification are irregular bones. T/F?

Back 26

False

Front 27

An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only. T/F?

Back 27

True

Front 28

The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress. T/F?

Back 28

True

Front 29

Bone tissue in the skeleton of a human fetus is completely formed at six monthsʹ gestation. T/F?

Back 29

False

Front 30

Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions. T/F?

Back 30

True

Front 31

Cartilage has a flexible matrix which can accomodate mitosis of chrondrocytes. T/F?

Back 31

True

Front 32

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?

Back 32

Compact Bone

Front 33

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

Back 33

Fat

Front 34

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

Back 34

Osteoblast

Front 35

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

Back 35

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 36

In bone formation, a deficiency of growth hormone will cause ________.

Back 36

Decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage

Front 37

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.

Back 37

Diaphysis

Front 38

The term diploë refers to ________.

Back 38

The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Front 39

Select the correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue.

Back 39

The sternum (breastbone) is a good source of blood-forming tissue.

Front 40

Factors in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis include ________.

Back 40

Drinking fluoridated water

Front 41

Ossification of the ends of long bones ________.

Back 41

Is produced by secondary ossification centers

Front 42

Cartilage is found in strategic places in the human skeleton. What is responsible for the
resilience of cartilage?

Back 42

High water content

Front 43

The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is ________.

Back 43

Hyaline

Front 44

Which of the following is (are) not the function(s) of the skeletal system?

Back 44

Communication

Front 45

The structural unit of compact bone is ________.

Back 45

The osteon

Front 46

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic)
layer consists primarily of ________.

Back 46

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Front 47

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________.

Back 47

Perforating (Sharpeyʹs ) fibers

Front 48

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of
________.

Back 48

Blood vessels and nerve fibers

Front 49

The small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live are called ________.

Back 49

Lacunae

Front 50

For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

Back 50

An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.

Front 51

The process of bones increasing in width is known as ________.

Back 51

Appositional growth

Front 52

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

Back 52

Osteoclast

Front 53

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the
bloodstream?

Back 53

Parathyroid hormone

Front 54

Vertebrae are considered ________ bones.

Back 54

Irregular

Front 55

The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton, which begins about the age of 40 ________.

Back 55

Reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization

Front 56

A bone fracture perpendicular to the boneʹs axis is called a(n) ________ fracture.

Back 56

Transverse

Front 57

Wolffʹs law is concerned with ________.

Back 57

The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

Front 58

Cranial bones develop ________.

Back 58

Within fibrous membranes

Front 59

Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood
calcium levels?

Back 59

Thyroid

Front 60

Osteomyelitis is ________.

Back 60

Due to pus-forming bacteria

Front 61

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. Appositional growth is ________.

Back 61

The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

Front 62

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth?

Back 62

Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow
from within.

Front 63

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.

Back 63

By pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Front 64

Spongy bones are made up of a framework called ________.

Back 64

Trabeculae

Front 65

Osteogenesis is the process of ________.

Back 65

Bone formation

Front 66

Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________.

Back 66

Interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

Front 67

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

Back 67

Growth Hormone

Front 68

In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?

Back 68

Elevated levels of sex hormones

Front 69

It is thought that remodeling or bone growth is in response to the forces placed on it. Which of the following hypotheses may explain how mechanical forces communicate with cells
responsible for bone remodeling?

Back 69

Electrical signals direct the remodeling process.

Front 70

Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of ________.

Back 70

Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D

Front 71

Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old?

Back 71

Greenstick

Front 72

_____________ are not one of the four cell types that populate bone tissue in adults.

Back 72

Mesenchymal cells

Front 73

Ostealgia is ________________.

Back 73

Pain in the bone

Front 74

A fracture in which a bone is broken into many pieces would be classified as a ________ fracture.

Back 74

Comminuted

Front 75

Blood cell formation is called ________.

Back 75

Hematopoiesis

Front 76

A bone embedded in a tendon is called a ________ bone.

Back 76

Sesamoid

Front 77

A central (Haversian) canal may contain arteries, veins, capillaries, lymph vessels, and
________ fibers.

Back 77

Nerve

Front 78

A narrow slitlike opening in bones is called a ________

Back 78

Fissure

Front 79

A long bone forms by a process known as ________ ossification.

Back 79

Endochondral

Front 80

________ growth is growth in the diameter of long bones.

Back 80

Appositional

Front 81

________ are multinucleated cells that destroy bone.

Back 81

Osteoclasts

Front 82

________ is a disease of the bone in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones.

Back 82

Osteoporosis

Front 83

A round or oval hole through a bone that contains blood vessels and/or nerves is called a ________.

Back 83

Foramen

Front 84

What is found in a Haversian canal?

Back 84

Blood vessels and nerve fibers.

Front 85

Several hormones control the remodeling of bones. Which two respond to changing blood
calcium levels?

Back 85

PTH and calcitonin

Front 86

Why are the bones of young children much more flexible than those of the elderly?

Back 86

Bones of children are not completely calcified

Front 87

Inflamation of bony tissue is called ________.

Back 87

Osteitis