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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skeletal cartilage |
-water lends resiliency -contains no blood vessels or nerves |
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Perichondrium |
-dense connective tissue -contain blood vessels for nutrients -resist outward expansion |
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Hyaline cartilage |
-provides support,flexibility, and resilience -collagen fibers only. Most Abundant -articulate,costal,respiratory, nasal |
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Elastic cartilage |
-Similar to hyaline cartilage but contains elastic fibers -external ear and epiglottis |
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Fibrocartilage |
-Thick collagen fibers has great tensile strength -meniscus of knee and vertebral disc |
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Appositional growth |
-growth of cartilage -cells secrete matrix against external face of existing cartilage |
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Interstitial growth |
-growth of Cartilage -chondrocytes divide & secrete new matrix expanding cartilage from within |
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Classification of bones |
-206 Main bones in the body on all of this |
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Axial skeleton |
-Long axis of the body -Skull,vertebral column, rib cage |
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Appendicular skeleton |
-bones of upper and lower limbs -parts that attach limbs to axial skeleton |
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Bones by shape |
Long bones, skinny bones, flat bones, irregular bones |
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Long bones |
-longer than they are wide -Limb,wrist, ankle bones |
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Short bones |
-cube shaped boness(wrist ankle) -sesamoid bones with tendons(patella) |
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Short bones |
-cube shaped boness(wrist ankle) -sesamoid bones with tendons(patella) |
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Flat bones |
-thin, flat, slightly curved -sternum, scapula, ribs, and most of the skull bones |
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Irregular bones |
-complicated shapes -vertebrae, coxal bones |
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Functions of bones |
-support -protection -movement -mineral and growth factor storage -blood cell formation -fat storage -hormone production |
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Compact bone texture |
-dense outer layer, smooth and solid |
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Bone lining cells |
-flat cells on bone surface is believed to help maintain matrix -on external bone surface call Periosteal cells -lining internal surface is called and endosteal cells |
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Spongy bone texture |
-The honeycomb a flat pieces of bone deep to compact called trabeculae |
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Diaphysis |
-tubular shaft form long axis -compact bone surrounding medullary cavity |
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Epiphysis |
-bone ends -external compact bone, internal spongy bone -between is that epiphyseal line |
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Red marrow |
-found within trabecular cavities of spongy bone and Dipole of flat bones -in medullary cavities |
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Periosteum |
-White double layered membrane -Covers external surfaces except joint surfaces -sharpey's fibers: Secure bone to matrix |
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Endosteum |
-delicate connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface -covers spongy bone, lines canals that passed through compact bone -contain osteogenic cells that can differentiate into other bone cells |
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Osteogenic cells |
Activate stem cells and Periosteum and endosteum |
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Osteoblasts |
-bone forming cells -create osteoid -actively miotic |
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Osteocytes |
-mature bone cells in lacunae -Monitor and maintain bone matrix -act as stress or strain sensors |
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Compact bone |
-also called lamellar bone -osteon or haversian system |
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Central canal |
Runs through core of osteon contains blood vessels and nerves fibers |
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Perforating (volkmanns) canals |
-canals lined with Endostum right angles to central canal -K'NEX blood vessels and nerves of periosteum, medullary cavities, and central canals |
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Hydroxyapatites |
Mineral salts -65% of bone mass |
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Osteoification or osteogenesis |
-process of bone tissue formation, formation of bony skeleton, and bone remodeling and repair |
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Endochondral ossification |
-bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage -also called Cartlidge bones -forms most of skeleton |
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Intramembranous ossification |
-bones develop from fibrous membrane also called a membrane bones -forms flat bones |
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Interstitial (longitudinal) growth |
Increase of length in long bones |
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Appositional growth |
Increase in bone thickness |
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Hormonal regulation of bone growth |
Growth hormone Thyroid hormone Testosterone and estrogen |
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Bone deposit |
-A type of bone remodeling evidence of new matrix deposit by osteoblast |
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Bone resorption |
Is a function of osteoclasts and osteoclast also involves PTH and T-cell secreted proteins |
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Calcium |
Is necessary for nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, blood coagulation, secretion by glands and nerve cells, and cell division |
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PTH |
Para thyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid gland removes calcium from bones regardless of bone integrity |
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Calcitonin |
Produce my thyroid gland in high doses lowers blood calcium levels temporarily |
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Fracture classification |
-Nondisplaced-and retain normal position -displaced-ends out of normal alignment -complete-broken all the way through -incomplete-not broken all the way through -Open/compound-skin is penetrated -Closed/simple-skin is not penetrated |
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Stages of bone repair |
-hematoma -fibrocartilaginous callus forms -bony callus forms -bone remodeling occurs |
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Fracture classification |
-Nondisplaced-and retain normal position -displaced-ends out of normal alignment -complete-broken all the way through -incomplete-not broken all the way through -Open/compound-skin is penetrated -Closed/simple-skin is not penetrated |
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Stages of bone repair |
-hematoma -fibrocartilaginous callus forms -bony callus forms -bone remodeling occurs |
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Osteomalacia |
bones are poorly mineralize, calcium salts not adequate bones are also soft and weak cause pain while bearing weight |
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Rickets |
Bowed legs and other born deformities bone ends enlarged and abnormally long, cause my vitamin D deficiency |
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Osteoporosis |
A group of diseases, bone reabsorption outpaces deposit, spongy bone of spine and neck a femur are most like |
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Treatments for osteoporosis |
include calcium, vitamin D supplements, weight-bearing exercises, and hormone replacement therapy |
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Pagets disease |
Excessive and hapharzard deposit and reabsorption |
