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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social control
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the techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any sociey
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sanction
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a penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm
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conformity
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the act of going along with peers-individuals of our own status who have no special right to direct our behavior
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obedience
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compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical social structure
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informal social control
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social control that is carried out casually by ordinary people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule
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formal social control
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social control that is carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers
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law
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governmental social control
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control theory
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a view that conformity and deviance that suggests that our connectino to members of society elads us to systematically conform to society's norms
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deviance
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behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society
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stigma
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a label used to devalue members of a certain social group
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crime
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a violation of criminal law for whcih some governmental authority applies formal penalties
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index crimes
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the eight types of crime reported annually by the FBI in the Uniform Crime Reports: murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson
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victimization survey
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a questionnaire or interview given to a sample of the population to determine whether people have eben victims of crime
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white-collar crime
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illegal acts committed by affluent, "respectable" individuals in the course of business activities
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victimless crime
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a term used by sociologists to describe the willing exchance among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services
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organized crime
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the work of a group that regulates relations among criminal enterprises invovled in illegal activities, including prostitution, gambling, and the smuggling and sale of illegal drugs
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transnational crime
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crime that occurs across multiple national boarders
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anomie
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Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective
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anomie theory of deviance
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merton's theory of deviance as an adaptation of socially prescribed goals or of the means governing their attainment, or both
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cultural transmission
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a school of criminology that argues that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions
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differential association
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a theory of deviance that holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts
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social disorganization theory
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the theory that attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions, such as the family, school, church, and local government
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labeling theory
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an approach to deviance that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants while others engaged in the same behavior are not
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societal reaction approach
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another name for labeling theory
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differential justice
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differences in the way social control is exercised over different groups
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anomie
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Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective
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