Chapter 5: Digestive System

Front 1

What are the 4 functions of the digestive system?

Back 1

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Front 2

anus

Back 2

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

Front 3

appendix

Back 3

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant [RLQ])

Front 4

bile

Back 4

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. It is composed of bile pigments (colored materials), cholesterol, and bile salts.

Front 5

bowel

Back 5

intestine

Front 6

cecum

Back 6

first part of the large intestine

Front 7

colon

Back 7

portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

Front 8

common bile duct

Back 8

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochus.

Front 9

defecation

Back 9

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

Front 10

duodenum

Back 10

first twelve inches of the small intestine. Duo = 2, den = 10.

Front 11

esophagus

Back 11

tube connecting the throat to the stomach

Front 12

feces

Back 12

solid wastes; stool.

Front 13

gallbladder

Back 13

small sac under the liver; stores bile.

Front 14

ileum

Back 14

third part of the small intestine

Front 15

jejunum

Back 15

Second part of the small intestine

Front 16

mastication

Back 16

chewing

Front 17

palate

Back 17

roof of the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla). The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and throat.

Front 18

peristalsis

Back 18

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs that move contents through at different rates

Front 19

pharynx

Back 19

throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

Front 20

rectum

Back 20

last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

Front 21

salivary glands

Back 21

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

Front 22

sigmoid colon

Back 22

fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum.

Front 23

sphincter

Back 23

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening.

Front 24

stomach

Back 24

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

Front 25

amyl/o

Back 25

starch

Front 26

an/o

Back 26

anus

Front 27

append/o, appendic/o

Back 27

appendix

Front 28

bil/o

Back 28

gall, bile

Front 29

bilirubin/o

Back 29

bilirubin (bile pigment)

Front 30

bucc/o

Back 30

cheek

Front 31

cec/o

Back 31

cecum

Front 32

celi/o

Back 32

belly, abdomen

Front 33

cheil/o, lab/i

Back 33

lip

Front 34

chol/e

Back 34

gall, bile

Front 35

cholecyst/o

Back 35

gallbladder

Front 36

choledoch/o

Back 36

common bile duct

Front 37

cholelith/o

Back 37

gall stone

Front 38

col/o, colon/o

Back 38

colon

Front 39

dent/i

Back 39

tooth

Front 40

duoden/o

Back 40

duodenum

Front 41

enter/o

Back 41

intestines, usually the small intestine

Front 42

esophag/o

Back 42

esophagus

Front 43

faci/o

Back 43

face

Front 44

gastr/o

Back 44

stomach

Front 45

gingiv/o

Back 45

gums

Front 46

gloss/o

Back 46

tongue

Front 47

gluc/o

Back 47

sugar

Front 48

glyc/o

Back 48

sugar

Front 49

hepat/o

Back 49

liver

Front 50

ile/o

Back 50

ileum

Front 51

jejun/o

Back 51

jejunum

Front 52

lapar/o

Back 52

abdomen

Front 53

lingu/o

Back 53

tongue

Front 54

lip/o

Back 54

fat, lipid

Front 55

lith/o

Back 55

stone

Front 56

mandibul/o

Back 56

lower jaw, mandible

Front 57

odont/o

Back 57

tooth

Front 58

or/o

Back 58

mouth

Front 59

palat/o

Back 59

palate

Front 60

pancreat/o

Back 60

pancreas

Front 61

peritone/o

Back 61

peritoneum

Front 62

pharyng/o

Back 62

throat

Front 63

proct/o

Back 63

anus and rectum

Front 64

pylor/o

Back 64

pyloric sphincter

Front 65

rect/o

Back 65

rectum

Front 66

sial/o

Back 66

saliva, salivary

Front 67

sialaden/o

Back 67

salivary gland

Front 68

sigmoid/o

Back 68

sigmoid colon

Front 69

steat/o

Back 69

fat

Front 70

stomat/o

Back 70

mouth

Front 71

-chezia

Back 71

defecation, elimination of wastes

Front 72

-iasis

Back 72

abnormal condition

Front 73

-prandial

Back 73

meal

Front 74

anastomosis

Back 74

any surgical connection between two parts

Front 75

anorexia

Back 75

lack of appetite

Front 76

ascites

Back 76

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Front 77

borborygmus

Back 77

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 78

gall stones (calculi)

Back 78

stones made of cholesterol, bile pigments, and calcium salts

Front 79

colonic polyps

Back 79

polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Front 80

constipation

Back 80

difficulty in passing stools (feces)

Front 81

diarrhea

Back 81

frequent passage of loose, watery stool

Front 82

diverticula

Back 82

abnormal outpouchings

Front 83

diverticulitis

Back 83

abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon accompanied with pain and rectal bleeding

Front 84

diverticulosis

Back 84

abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

Front 85

dysphagia

Back 85

difficulty in swallowing

Front 86

esophageal varices

Back 86

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Front 87

anal fistula

Back 87

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Front 88

flatus

Back 88

gas expelled through the anus

Front 89

hematochezia

Back 89

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Front 90

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Back 90

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Front 91

hemorrhoids

Back 91

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Front 92

viral hepatitis

Back 92

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Front 93

hernia

Back 93

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Front 94

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 94

group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation), but without abnormalities in the intestines

Front 95

ileus

Back 95

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Front 96

intussusception

Back 96

telescoping of the intestines

Front 97

jaundice (icterus)

Back 97

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 98

melena

Back 98

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Front 99

cirrhosis

Back 99

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Front 100

pancreatitis

Back 100

inflammation of the pancreas

Front 101

steatorrhea

Back 101

fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

Front 102

ulcerative colitis

Back 102

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Front 103

volvulus

Back 103

twisting of the intestine on itself

Front 104

cholelithiasis

Back 104

gallstones in the gallbladder